Enrique Bernal

Post-Acute Nasal Expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, FURIN, and NRP1 in Relation to COVID-19 Severity: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Ana María Piqueras-Sánchez, José Francisco López‐Gil, Diego Hellín-Meseguer, Juan Cabezas‐Herrera et autres

Background/Objectives: Host factors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane protease-serine 2 (TMPRSS2), furin paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme (FURIN), and neuropilin-1 (NRP1) facilitate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry, but it is unclear whether their upper-airway expression after recovery is …

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Rethinking HIV resistance in the era of long-acting therapy: from isolated events to durable exposure

Luís Buzón, Enrique Bernal, Marisa Luisa Montes, Laura Gisbert et autres

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Elevated Plasma GDF-15 Levels are Associated with the Immune Non-Responder Phenotype in People with HIV

Aida López López, Jacobo Alonso Domínguez, Inés Martínez Barros, Alexandre Pérez‐González et autres

INTRODUCTION: Most people with HIV (PWH) achieve immune recovery with antiretroviral therapy (ART); however, a clinically relevant subset, known as immune non-responders (INRs), fails to restore CD4+ T-cell counts despite sustained virological suppression and shows persistent immune dysfunction. Growth differentiation factor 15 …

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Artificial intelligence in HIV research: a structured review and task-oriented clinical framework

Ruben E. Munoz-Cabrera, Joaquin Bravo-Urbieta, Raquel Martinez-España, Sergio Alemán Belando et autres

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) poses a global health challenge despite the success of the Antiretroviral Treatment (ART), which allows the disease to be potentially controlled. The growing availability of heterogeneous data has impulsed the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to address …

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Persistence of late HIV diagnosis and poorer response to antiretrovirals: a comparison between migrants and native-born people with HIV in Spain

José A. Pérez‐Molina, Jose A. Perez-Molina, Miguel Suárez-Robles, María Belén Sánchez-López et autres

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Associations Between Nasal Receptors and Olfactory Dysfunction and Dysgeusia in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Ana María Piqueras-Sánchez, José Francisco López‐Gil, Diego Hellín-Meseguer, Juan Cabezas-Herrera et autres

Background/Objectives: Olfactory dysfunction and dysgeusia are common neurosensory manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting approximately 60% of patients. These symptoms have been mechanistically linked to receptors involved in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cell entry, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 …

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Association Between Excessive Alcohol Consumption When Starting Antiretroviral Therapy and Long-term Mortality in People Living With HIV

Daniel Fuster, Cristina Moreno, Arantza Sanvisens, Noemí Cabello‐Clotet et autres

OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between alcohol consumption and mortality among people living with HIV (PWH). METHODS: We included individuals aged ≥18 years, enrolled between 2004 and 2022 in CoRIS, a Spanish multicenter cohort study of ART-naive PWH at enrolment. We calculated …

Genotyping not required for sustained effectiveness of long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine: evidence from the RELATIVITY cohort

Luís Buzón, José Ignacio Bernardino, María Puerto, Juan Martín-Torres et autres

OBJECTIVES: Long-acting injectable cabotegravir and rilpivirine (LAI CAB+RPV) provides an alternative to daily therapy for people with HIV (PWH) with virologic suppression. Although genotypic testing is recommended before switching, its real-world clinical value is unclear. We assessed outcomes after switching to LAI …

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Comparable Inflammatory and Metabolic Outcomes After Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Versus Continuing Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Virologically Suppressed Adults With HIV (INSTINCT/GESIDA10918 Study)

Sergio Serrano‐Villar, Laura Martín‐Pedraza, Juan Tiraboschi, María Novella et autres

BACKGROUND: Dual antiretroviral therapy (ART) with dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) is widely used in virologically suppressed individuals. However, data remain limited on potential differential effects of ART regimens on mid-term systemic inflammation and metabolic health. We evaluated whether switching from DTG/3TC to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide …

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A prospective assessment of the efficacy and durability of long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine in individuals with HIV in Spain (RELATIVITY study)

Luís Buzón, Marisa Montes, Roberto Pedrero‐Tomé, Marı́a José Galindo et autres

BACKGROUND: Daily oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV into a chronic, manageable condition, but it still poses psychological, logistical, and biological challenges. Long-acting injectable (LAI) cabotegravir plus rilpivirine provides an alternative for virologically suppressed individuals, reducing treatment fatigue, stigma, and daily …

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Unveiling altered CD8 T-cell metabolism and homeostatic proliferation behind a low CD4/CD8 ratio in ART-suppressed HIV individuals with normal CD4 recovery

Vanesa Garrido‐Rodríguez, Ángel Bulnes‐Ramos, Israel Olivas-Martínez, María del Mar Pozo‐Balado et autres

Background People living with chronic HIV (PLWH) show immune dysfunction, despite viral suppression and normal CD4 recovery, particularly those with low CD4/CD8 ratios. Subjacent cellular alterations of such a reliable marker of clinical progression remain elusive. Methods Categorization by CD4/CD8 ratio after …

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Trends in Hepatitis C Virus Infection Prevalence Among People With HIV in Spain Over 2 Decades (2002–2023)

Juan Berenguer, Chiara Fanciulli, María del Mar Arcos-Rueda, María Jesús Vivancos et autres

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has significantly impacted people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Harm reduction programs, changing transmission patterns, and direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have profoundly altered HIV/HCV coinfection trends. This study evaluates HCV prevalence among people with HIV in Spain over …

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