Association Between Excessive Alcohol Consumption When Starting Antiretroviral Therapy and Long-term Mortality in People Living With HIV

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OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between alcohol consumption and mortality among people living with HIV (PWH). METHODS: We included individuals aged ≥18 years, enrolled between 2004 and 2022 in CoRIS, a Spanish multicenter cohort study of ART-naive PWH at enrolment. We calculated mortality rates per 100 persons-year (p-y) of follow-up, and used multivariable Cox models to estimate hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for the association between alcohol consumption at enrolment and mortality after controlling for confounders (sex at birth, age, mode of HIV infection, education level, region of origin, HCV infection [EIA+], CD4 cell count and HIV-RNA load at enrolment). FINDINGS: We included 6087 participants (14% women); median age 36 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 29-45). Men who had sex with men were 63.2% of the participants, 27.9% were heterosexuals, and 4.9% were persons who inject drugs. Prevalence of HCV was 7.5%, median RNA-HIV load was 70,431 copies/mL (IQR: 16,982-261,000), and median CD4 count was 363 cells/mm3 (IQR: 196-547). Two hundred seventy participants (4.4%) reported alcohol consumption of ≥40 g/d. Over 31,171 p-y of follow-up, 240 participants (3.9%) died. The mortality rate among individuals who drank ≥40 g/d was 2.13 (95% CI: 1.56-2.93) per 100 p-y compared with 0.68 (95% CI: 0.60-0.79) per 100 p-y among those who drank <40 g/d. After adjustment, alcohol consumption of ≥40 g/d was associated with increased mortality (adjusted HR: 1.54 [95% CI: 1.06-3.42], P =0.02). CONCLUSION: In this cohort of PWH, excessive alcohol use was associated with a higher risk of death.

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