A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, Leadership, Gita A. Pathak, Juha Karjalainen, Christine Stevens, B M Neale, Mark J. Daly, Andrea Ganna, Writing group, Writing group lead, Shea J. Andrews, Masahiro Kanai, Mattia Cordioli, Analysis group, Manuscript analyses team lead, Manuscript analyses team members: PHEWAS, Renato Polimanti, Manuscript analyses team members: Mendelian randomization, Nadia V. Harerimana, Manuscript analyses team members: methods development, Matti Pirinen, gene prioritization Manuscript analyses team members: PC projection, Project management group, Project management lead, Rachel G. Liao, Project managment support, Karolina Chwiałkowska, Amy Trankiem, Mary K. Balaconis, Website development, Huy Nguyen, Matthew Solomonson, Scientific communication group, Scientific communication lead, Kumar Veerapen, Brooke Wolford, Analysis Team Lead, Genevieve Roberts, Data collection lead, Danny Park, Admin team lead, Catherine A. Ball, Analysis team member, Marie V. Coignet, Shannon McCurdy, Spencer C. Knight, Raghavendran Partha, Brooke Rhead, Data collection member, Miao Zhang, Nathan Berkowitz, Michael Gaddis, Keith Noto, Luong Ruiz, Miloš Pavlović, Admin team member, Eurie L. Hong, Kristin A. Rand, Ahna R. Girshick, Harendra Guturu, Asher Haug Baltzell, BelCovid, Analysis team lead, Mari Niemi, Data collection lead, Souad Rahmouni, Julien Guntz, Admin team lead, Y Beguin, Analysis team member, Sara Pigazzini, Lindokuhle Nkambule, Data collection member, Michel Georges, Michel Moutschen, Benoît Misset, Gilles Darcis, Julien Guiot, Samira Azarzar, Stéphanie Gofflot, Sabine Claassen, Olivier Malaise, Pascale Huynen, Christelle Meuris, Marie Thys, Jessica Jacques, Philippe Léonard, Frédéric Frippiat, Jean‐Baptiste Giot, Anne-Sophie Sauvage, Christian Von Frenckell, Yasmine Belhaj, Bernard Lambermont, Biobanque Quebec COVID-19, Analysis team lead, Tomoko Nakanishi, Data collection lead, David Morrison, Admin team lead, Vincent Mooser, J. Brent Richards, Analysis team member, Guillaume Butler‐Laporte, Vincenzo Forgetta, Rui Li, Data collection member, Biswarup Ghosh, Lætitia Laurent, Alexandre Bélisle, Danielle Henry, Tala Abdullah, Olumide Adeleye, Noor Mamlouk, Nofar Kimchi, Zaman Afrasiabi, Nardin Rezk, Branka Vulesevic, Meriem Bouab, Charlotte Guzman, Louis Petitjean, Chris Tselios, Xiaoqing Xue, Jonathan Afilalo, Marc Afilalo, Maureen Oliveira, Bluma Brenner, Nathalie Brassard, Madéleine Durand, Admin team member, Erwin Schurr, Pierre Lepage, Jiannis Ragoussis, Daniel Auld, Michaël Chassé, Daniel E. Kaufmann, G. Mark Lathrop, Darin Adra, CCHC COVID-19 GAWS, Analysis team lead, Caroline Hayward, Joseph Glessner, Douglas M. Shaw, Data collection lead, Archie Campbell, Marcela Morris, Admin team lead, Håkon Håkonarson, David J. Porteous, Jennifer E. Below, Analysis team member, Anne Richmond, Xiao Chang, Hannah Polikowski, Petty E. Lauren, Hung‐Hsin Chen, Wanying Zhu, Data collection member, Chloe Fawns‐Ritchie, Admin team member, Kari E. North, Joseph B. McCormick, CHOP CAG, Data collection member, Joseph R. Glessner, Analysis team lead, Christopher R. Gignoux, Data collection lead, Stephen J. Wicks, Kristy Crooks, Admin team lead, Kathleen C. Barnes, Analysis team member, Michelle Daya, Jonathan Shortt, Nicholas Rafaels, Sameer Chavan, Coronagenes, Paul R. H. J. Timmers, James F. Wilson, Albert Tenesa, Admin team lead, Shona M. Kerr, Analysis team member, Kenton D’Mellow, Egypt hgCOVID hub, Analysis team lead, Data collection lead, Doaa Shahin, Yasser M. El‐Sherbiny, Kathrin Aprile von Hohenstaufen, Ali Sobh, Madonna M. Eltoukhy, Lindokuhle Nkambul, Data collection member, Tamer Elhadidy, Mohamed S. Abd Elghafar, Jehan J. El‐Jawhari, Attia A. S. Mohamed, Marwa H. Elnagdy, Amr Samir, Mahmoud Abdel-Aziz, Walid T. Khafaga, Walaa M. El-Lawaty, Mohamed Torky, Mohamed El‐Shanshory, Admin team member, Amr M. Yassen, M. Hegazy, Kamal Okasha, Mohammed Eid, Hanteera S. Moahmed, EraCORE, Analysis team lead, Carolina Medina‐Gómez, Data collection lead, M. Arfan Ikram, Admin team lead, André G. Uitterlinden, Estonian Biobank, Analysis team lead, Reedik Mägi, Data collection lead, Lili Milani, Admin team lead, Andres Metspalu, Analysis team member, Triin Laisk, Kristi Läll, Maarja Lepamets, Data collection member, Tõnu Esko, Ene Reimann, Paul Naaber, Edward Laane, Jaana Pesukova, Pärt Peterson, Kai Kisand, Jekaterina Tabri, Raili Allos, Kati Hensen, Joel Starkopf, Inge Ringmets, Anu Tamm, Anne Kallaste, Helene Alavere, Kristjan Metsalu, Mairo Puusepp, EXCEED, Analysis team lead, Chiara Batini, Data collection lead, Martin D. Tobin, Laura D. Venn, Paul H. Lee, Nick Shrine, Alexander T. Williams, Anna L. Guyatt, Catherine John, Richard Packer, Altaf Ali, Robert C. Free, Xueyang Wang, Louise V. Wain, Edward J. Hollox, Admin team member, Catherine Bee, Emma L. Adams, FinnGen, Aarno Palotie, Analysis team member, Samuli Ripatti, Sanni Ruotsalainen, Data collection member, Kati Kristiansson, Sami Koskelainen, Markus Perola, Kati Donner, Katja Kivinen, Mari Kaunisto, Functional Host Genomics in Infectious Diseases (FHoGID), Analysis team lead, Carlo Rivolta, Data collection lead, Pierre–Yves Bochud, Stéphanie Bibert, Noémie Boillat‐Blanco, Semira Gonseth, Werner C. Albrich, Analysis team member, Mathieu Quinodoz, Dhryata Kamdar, Data collection member, Noémie Suh, Dionysios Neofytos, Erard, Cathy Voide, FHoGID, Cathy Voide, R. Friolet, P. Vollenweider, J. L. Pagani, Mauro Oddo, Friederike Meyer zu Bentrup, A. Conen, Olivier Clerc, Oscar Marchetti, A. Guillet, C. Guyat-Jacques, S. Foucras, M. Rime, J. Chassot, M. Jaquet, R. Merlet Viollet, Y. Lannepoudenx, L. Portopena, RegCOVID, P. Y. Bochud, F. Desgranges, Paraskevas Filippidis, Benoît Guéry, David Haefliger, Eleftheria Kampouri, Oriol Manuel, Aline Munting, Matthaios Papadimitriou‐Olivgeris, Jean Regina, L. Rochat-Stettler, V. Suttels, Eliana Tadini, J Tschopp, Mathias Van Singer, Benjamin Viala, P-PredictUs, T. Brahier, Olivier Hügli, J. Y. Meuwly, O. Pantet, SeroCOVID, Valérie D’Acremont, S. Estoppey Younes, CRiPSI, A. Cerny, L. O’Mahony, C. von Mering, P. Y. Bochud, Mirjam Frischknecht, G-R. Kleger, M. Filipovic, C. R. Kahlert, Hannah Wozniak, Tommaso Rochat Negro, J. Pugin, Konstantinos Bouras, C. Knapp, Thomas Egger, A. Perret, P. Montillier, C. di Bartolomeo, Beatrice Barda, GCAT Genomes For Life, Analysis team lead, Rafael de Cid, Data collection lead, Anna Carreras, Vı́ctor Moreno, Manolis Kogevinas, Analysis team member, Iván Galván‐Femenía, Natàlia Blay, Xavier Farré, Lauro Sumoy, Data collection member, Beatriz Cortés, Josep M. Mercader, Marta Guindo-Martínez, David Torrents, Judith García‐Aymerich, Gemma Castaño‐Vinyals, Carlota Dobaño, Marco Gori, Data collection lead, Alessandra Renieri, Francesca Mari, Mario U. Mondelli, Francesco Castelli, Massimo Vaghi, Stefano Rusconi, Francesca Montagnani, Elena Bargagli, Federico Franchi, Maria Antonietta Mazzei, Luca Cantarini, Danilo Tacconi, Marco Feri, Raffaele Scala, Genni Spargi, Cesira Nencioni, Maria Bandini, Gian Piero Caldarelli, Anna Canaccini, Agostino Ognibene, Antonella d’Arminio Monforte, Massimo Girardis, Andrea Antinori, Daniela Francisci, Elisabetta Schiaroli, Pier Giorgio Scotton, Sandro Panese, Renzo Scaggiante, Matteo Della Monica, Mario Capasso, Giuseppe Fiorentino, Marco Castori, Filippo Aucella, Antonio Di Biagio, Luca Masucci, Serafina Valente, Marco Mandalà, Patrizia Zucchi, Ferdinando Giannattasio, Domenico Coviello, Cristina Mussini, Luisa Tavecchia, Lia Crotti, Marco Rizzi, Maria Teresa La Rovere, Simona Sarzi Braga, Maurizio Bussotti, Sabrina Ravaglia, Rosangela Artuso, Antonio Perrella, Davide Romani, Paola Bergomi, E Catena, Antonella Vincenti, Claudio Ferri, Davide Grassi, G Pessina, Mario Tumbarello, Massimo Di Pietro, Sauro Luchi, Admin team lead, Simone Furini, Simona Dei, Analysis team member, Elisa Benetti, Nicola Picchiotti, Maurizio Sanarico, Stefano Ceri, Pietro Pinoli, Francesco Raimondi, Filippo Biscarini, Alessandra Stella, Kristina Zguro, Katia Capitani, Marco Tanfoni, Data collection member, Chiara Fallerini, Sergio Daga, Margherita Baldassarri, Francesca Fava, Elisa Frullanti, Floriana Valentino, Gabriella Doddato, Annarita Giliberti, Rossella Tita, Sara Amitrano, Mirella Bruttini, Susanna Croci, Ilaria Meloni, Maria Antonietta Mencarelli, Caterina Lo Rizzo, Anna Maria Pinto, Giada Beligni, Andréa Tommasi, Laura Di Sarno, Maria Palmieri, Miriam Lucia Carriero, Diana Alaverdian, Stefano Busani, Raffaele Bruno, Marco Vecchia, Mary Ann Belli, Stefania Mantovani, Serena Ludovisi, Eugenia Quirós-Roldán, Melania Degli Antoni, Isabella Zanella, Matteo Siano, Arianna Emiliozzi, Massimiliano Fabbiani, Barbara Rossetti, Laura Bergantini, Miriana d’Alessandro, Paolo Cameli, David Bennett, Federico Anedda, Simona Marcantonio, Sabino Scolletta, Susanna Guerrini, Edoardo Conticini, Bruno Frediani, Chiara Spertilli, Alice Donati, Luca Guidelli, Marta Corridi, Leonardo Croci, Paolo Piacentini, Elena Desanctis, Silvia Cappelli, Agnese Verzuri, Valentina Anemoli, Alessandro Pancrazzi, Maria Lorubbio, Federica Gaia Miraglia, Sophie Venturelli, Andrea Cossarizza, Alessandra Vergori, Arianna Gabrieli, Agostino Riva, Francesco Paciosi, Francesca Andretta, Francesca Gatti, Saverio Giuseppe Parisi, Stefano Baratti, Carmelo Piscopo, Roberta Russo, Immacolata Andolfo, Achille Iolascon, Massimo Carella, Giuseppe Merla, Gabriella Maria Squeo, Pamela Raggi, Carmen Marciano, Rita Perna, Matteo Bassetti, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Alessia Giorli, Lorenzo Salerni, Pierpaolo Parravicini, E. Menatti, Tullio Trotta, Gabriella Coiro, Fabio Lena, Enrico Martinelli, Sandro Mancarella, Chiara Gabbi, Franco Maggiolo, Diego Ripamonti, Tiziana Bachetti, Claudia Suardi, Gianfranco Parati, Giordano Bottà, Paolo Di Domenico, Ilaria Rancan, Francesco Paolo Bianchi, Riccardo Colombo, Chiara Barbieri, Donatella Acquilini, Elena Andreucci, Francesco Vladimiro Segala, Giusy Tiseo, Marco Falcone, Mirjam Lista, Monica Poscente, Oreste De Vivo, Paola Petrocelli, Alessandra Guarnaccia, Silvia Baroni, Generation Scotland, Analysis team lead, Data collection lead, Admin team lead, Analysis team member, Data collection member, Genes & Health, Analysis team lead, David A. van Heel, Data collection lead, Karen A. Hunt, Admin team lead, Richard C. Trembath, Analysis team member, Qin Qin Huang, Hilary C. Martin, Data collection member, Dan Mason, Bhavi Trivedi, John Wright, Admin team member, Sarah Finer, Shaheen Akhtar, Mohammad Yaser Anwar, Elena Arciero, Samina Ashraf, Gerome Breen, Raymond T. Chung, Charles Curtis, Maharun Chowdhury, Grainne Colligan, Panos Deloukas, Ceri Durham, Chris Griffiths, Matt Hurles, Shapna Hussain, Kamrul Islam, Ahsan Ali Khan, Amara Khan, Cath Lavery, Sang Hyuck Lee, Robin G. Lerner, Daniel G. MacArthur, Bev MacLaughlin, Shefa Miah, Bill Newman, Nishat Safa, Farah Tahmasebi, Genes for Good, Analysis team lead, Albert V. Smith, Data collection member, Andrew P. Boughton, Kevin Li, Jonathon LeFaive, Aubrey Annis, Genome-wide assessment of the gene variants associated with severe COVID-19 phenotype in Iran, Analysis team lead, Ahmadreza Niavarani, Data collection lead, Rasoul Aliannejad, Analysis team member, Bahareh Sharififard, Data collection member, Ali Amirsavadkouhi, Zeinab Naderpour, Hengameh Ansari Tadi, Afshar Etemadi-Aleagha, Saeideh Ahmadi, Seyed Behrooz Mohseni Moghaddam, Alireza Adamsara, Morteza Saeedi, Hamed Abdollahi, Abdolmajid Hosseini, disease severity and pharmacogenomics Host genetic factors in COVID-19 patients in relation to disease susceptibility, Analysis team lead, Pajaree Chariyavilaskul, Data collection lead, Watsamon Jantarabenjakul, Admin team lead, Nattiya Hirankarn, Analysis team member, Monpat Chamnanphon, Thitima B. Suttichet, Vorasuk Shotelersuk, Monnat Pongpanich, Chureerat Phokaew, Wanna Chetruengchai, Data collection member, Opass Putchareon, Pattama Torvorapanit, Thanyawee Puthanakit, Pintip Suchartlikitwong, Admin team member, Voraphoj Nilaratanakul, Pimpayao Sodsai, HUNT, Ben Brumpton, Data collection lead, Kristian Hveem, Cristen J. Willer, Analysis team member, Wei Zhou, Data collection member, Tormod Rogne, Erik Solligård, Bjørn Olav Åsvold, Lifelines, Analysis team lead, Lude Franke, Data collection lead, Marike Boezen, Analysis team member, Patrick Deelen, Annique Claringbould, Esteban Lopera, Robert Warmerdam, Judith M. Vonk, Irene V. van Blokland, Data collection member, Pauline Lanting, Anil P. S. Ori, Mass General Brigham-Host Vulnerability to COVID-19, Analysis team lead, Yen‐Chen Anne Feng, Data collection lead, Scott T. Weiss, Elizabeth W. Karlson, Jordan W. Smoller, Shawn N. Murphy, James B. Meigs, Ann E. Woolley, Admin team lead, Robert C. Green, Data collection member, Emma Perez, Michigan Genomics Initiative, Analysis team lead, Brooke N. Wolford, Sebastian Zöllner, Analysis team member, Jiongming Wang, Andrew F. Beck, Mount Sinai Health System COVID-19 Genomics Initiative, Analysis team lead, Laura Sloofman, Data collection lead, Steven Ascolillo, Robert Sebra, Brett Collins, Tess Levy, Admin team lead, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Stuart C. Sealfon, Analysis team member, Daniel M. Jordan, Ryan C. Thompson, Kyle Gettler, Kumardeep Chaudhary, Gillian M. Belbin, Michael Preuß, Clive Hoggart, Sam Choi, Slayton J. Underwood, Data collection member, Irene Salib, Bari Britvan, Katherine Keller, Lara Tang, Michael Peruggia, Liam L. Hiester, Kristi Niblo, Alexandra Aksentijevich, Alexander Labkowsky, Avrohom Karp, Menachem Zlatopolsky, Marissa Zyndorf, Admin team member, Alexander W. Charney, Noam D. Beckmann, Eric E. Schadt, Noura S. Abul‐Husn, Judy H. Cho, Yuval Itan, Eimear E. Kenny, Ruth J. F. Loos, Girish N. Nadkarni, Ron Do, Paul F. O’Reilly, Laura M. Huckins, MyCode Health Initiative, Analysis team lead, Manuel A. R. Ferreira, Gonçalo R. Abecasis, Data collection lead, Joseph B. Leader, Michael Cantor, Admin team lead, Anne E. Justice, Dave J. Carey, Analysis team member, Geetha Chittoor, Navya Shilpa Josyula, Jack A. Kosmicki, Julie Horowitz, Aris Baras, Data collection member, Matthew C. Gass, Ashish Yadav, Admin team member, Tooraj Mirshahi, Netherlands Twin Register, Analysis team lead, Jouke Jan Hottenga, Data collection lead, Meike Bartels, Admin team lead, Eco J. C. de Geus, Analysis team member, Michel G. Nivard, Penn Medicine Biobank, Analysis team lead, Anurag Verma, Marylyn D. Ritchie, Admin team lead, Daniel J. Rader, Analysis team member, Binglan Li, Shefali S. Verma, Anastasia Lucas, Yuki Bradford, Saudi Human Genome Program - COVID19: Host Genomic markers predicting the severity and suitability to COVID-19 in highly consanguineous population, Analysis team lead, Malak Abedalthagafi, Manal Alaamery, Data collection lead, Abdulraheem Alshareef, Mona Sawaji, Admin team lead, Salam Massadeh, Abdulaziz Almalik, Analysis team member, Saleh A. Alqahtani, Dona Baraka, Fawz Al Harthi, Ebtehal Alsolm, Leen Abu Safieh, Albandary M. Alowayn, Fatimah Alqubaishi, Amal Al Mutairi, Serghei Mangul, Data collection member, Mansour Almutairi, Nora Aljawini, Nour Albesher, Yaseen M. Arabi, Ebrahim Mahmoud, Amin Khattab, Roaa T. Halawani, Ziab Z. Alahmadey, Jehad K. Albakri, Walaa A. Felemban, Bandar A. Suliman, Rana Hasanato, Laila Alawdah, Jahad Alghamdi, Deema AlZahrani, Sameera Aljohani, Hani Al-Afghani, Nouf AlDhawi, Hadeel AlBardis, Sarah Alkwai, Moneera Alswailm, Faisal A. Almalki, Maha Albeladi, Iman Almohammed, Eman Barhoush, Anoud Albader, Admin team member, Sara Jeza Alotaibi, Bader Alghamdi, Junghyun Jung, Mohammad Fawzy, May Alrashed, The genetic predisposition to severe COVID-19, Hugo Zeberg, Lindo Nkambul, Robert Frithiof, Michael Hultström, Miklós Lipcsey, Nicolas Tardif, Olav Rooyackers, Jonathan Grip, Tomislav Maričić, Father and Child Cohort Study The Norwegian Mother, Øyvind Helgeland, Per Magnus, Lill-Iren S. Trogstad, Yunsung Lee, Jennifer R. Harris, TwinsUK, Massimo Mangino, Tim D. Spector, Duncan Emma, 000 Genomes Project (Genomics England) UK 100, Loukas Moutsianas, Mark J. Caulfield, Richard H. Scott, Athanasios Kousathanas, Dorota Pasko, Susan Walker, Alexander Stuckey, Christopher A. Odhams, Daniel R. Rhodes, Tom Fowler, Augusto Rendon, G. C. Chan, Prabhu Arumugam, Uk Biobank, Konrad J. Karczewski, Alicia R. Martin, Daniel J. Wilson, Chris C.A. Spencer, Derrick W. Crook, David Wyllie, Anne Marie O’Connell, Admin team lead, Elizabeth G. Atkinson, Kristin Tsuo, Nikolas Baya, Patrick Turley, Rahul Gupta, Raymond K. Walters, Duncan S. Palmer, Gopal Sarma, Nathan Cheng, Wenhan Lu, Claire Churchhouse, Jacqueline I. Goldstein, Daniel L. King, Cotton Seed, Hilary K. Finucane, Sam Bryant, F. Kyle Satterstrom, Gavin Band, Sarah G. Earle, Shang‐Kuan Lin, Nicolas Arning, Nils Koelling, Jacob Armstrong, Justine Rudkin, Shawneequa Callier, Caroline Cusick, UK Blood Donors Cohort, Nicole Soranzo, Jing Zhao, John Danesh, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Adam S. Butterworth, M G Glezer On Behalf Of The Lincor Program, Yan V. Sun, Jennifer E. Huffman, Kelly Cho, Christopher J. O’Donnell, Philip S. Tsao, J. Michael Gaziano, Gina M. Peloso, Yuk‐Lam Ho, Vanda COVID, Sandra Smieszek, Christos Polymeropoulos, Vasilios M. Polymeropoulos, Mihael H. Polymeropoulos, Bartlomiej Przychodzen, Variability in immune response genes and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection (INMUNGEN-CoV2 study), Israel Fernández‐Cadenas, Anna M. Planas, Jordi Pérez‐Tur, Laia Llucià‐Carol, Natàlia Cullell, Elena Muiño, Jara Cárcel‐Márquez, Marta L. DeDiego, L. Lloret Iglesias, Àlex Soriano, Verónica Rico, Daiana Agüero, Josep Lluís Bedini, Francisco Lozano, Carlos Domingo, Verónica Robles, Francisca Ruíz-Jaén, Leonardo Márquez, Juan Manuel López Gómez, Eliécer Coto, Guillermo M. Albaiceta, Marta García‐Clemente, David Dalmau, María J. Arranz, Beatriz Dietl, Alex Serra-Llovich, Pere Soler, Roger Colobrán, Andrea Martín‐Nalda, Alba Parra-Martínez, David Bernardo, Silvia Rojo, Aida Fiz‐López, Elisa Arribas‐Rodríguez, Paloma Cal‐Sabater, Tomás Segura, Esther González-Villa, Gemma Serrano‐Heras, Joan Martí‐Fábregas, Elena Jiménez‐Xarrié, Alicia de Felipe Mimbrera, Jaime Masjuán, Sebastián García‐Madrona, Anna Domínguez-Mayoral, J Montaner-Villalonga, Paloma Menéndez-Valladares, Women’s Genome Health Stud, Daniel I. Chasman, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, Julie E. Buring, Paul M. Ridker, Franco Giulianini, Phenotype steering group, Lea K. Davis, Sulggi A. Lee, James R. Priest, Vijay G. Sankaran, Biesecker Lg, V. Eric Kerchberger, J Kenneth Baillie, COVID-19 HGI corresponding authors