A. C. Carpenter

Dopant Sensitive Electrolytic Etching of Germanium with High Selectivity

Joseph G. Wood, A. C. Carpenter, Charles E. Hunt, Klaus van Benthem

The enhanced charge carrier mobility and photon absorption compared to silicon make germanium attractive for next-generation photo diodes. However, the complex oxidation behavior of germanium challenges dopant-dependent selective etching that is desired for the fabrication of backside imaging architectures. This report demonstrates …

Developing time-resolved x-ray diffraction diagnostics at the National Ignition Facility (invited)

N. E. Palmer, L. R. Benedetti, Cara E. Vennari, P. R. Nyholm et autres

As part of a program to measure phase transition timescales in materials under dynamic compression, we have designed new x-ray imaging diagnostics to record multiple x-ray diffraction measurements during a single laser-driven experiment. Our design places several ns-gated hybrid CMOS (hCMOS) sensors …

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Time resolved x-ray diffraction using the flexible imaging diffraction diagnostic for laser experiments (FIDDLE) at the National Ignition Facility (NIF): Preliminary assessment of diffraction precision

Cara E. Vennari, N. E. Palmer, P. R. Nyholm, N. S. Bhandakar et autres

The Flexible Imaging Diffraction Diagnostic for Laser Experiments (FIDDLE) is a new diagnostic at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) designed to observe in situ solid-solid phase changes at high pressures using time resolved x-ray diffraction. FIDDLE currently incorporates five Icarus ultrafast x-ray …

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Design and characterization of the time-resolved opacity spectrometer (OpSpecTR) for the NIF iron opacity campaign

Y. P. Opachich, B. Golick, Justin Buscho, A. C. Carpenter et autres

A new time-resolved opacity spectrometer (OpSpecTR) is currently under development for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) opacity campaign. The spectrometer utilizes Icarus version 2 (IV2) hybridized complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor sensors to collect gated data at the time of the opacity transmission signal, unlocking …

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Mitigation strategies for time-resolved x-ray diagnostic data degradation due to high neutron yield of ICF experiments at the NIF

C. Trosseille, M. Beach, P. M. Bell, A. C. Carpenter et autres

Inertial confinement fusion experiments taking place at the National Ignition Facility are generating ever increasing amounts of fusion energy, with the deuterium tritium fusion neutron yield growing a hundredfold over the past ten years. Strategies must be developed to mitigate this harsh …

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Achievement of Target Gain Larger than Unity in an Inertial Fusion Experiment

H. Abu-Shawareb, Robert L. Acree, P. A. Adams, John J. Adams et autres

On December 5, 2022, an indirect drive fusion implosion on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) achieved a target gain G_{target} of 1.5. This is the first laboratory demonstration of exceeding "scientific breakeven" (or G_{target}>1) where 2.05 MJ of 351 nm laser light …

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Communication—Controlling Etching of Germanium through Surface Charge Manipulation

Joseph G. Wood, Surge Mitsyuk, Cassondra Brayfield, A. C. Carpenter et autres

Potassium hydroxide (KOH) aqueous solutions can effectively etch germanium. Etch rates were determined in an electrolytic etch cell. Electrically isolated Ge wafers were subject to an etch rate of 1.45 ± 0.07 nm min−1, increasing to 12.6 ± 0.2 nm min−1 when …

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Measurement of mix at the fuel–ablator interface in indirectly driven capsule implosions on the National Ignition Facility

G. N. Hall, C. R. Weber, V. A. Smalyuk, O. L. Landen et autres

The interface between the capsule ablator and fuel ice layer is susceptible to hydrodynamic instabilities. The subsequent mixing of hot ablator material into the ice reduces fuel compression at stagnation and is a candidate for reduced capsule performance. The ability to diagnose …

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Corrigendum: Electrolytic Etching of Germanium Substrates with HydrogenPeroxide [J. Electrochem. Soc., 170, 103503 (2023)]

Joseph G. Wood, L. van Buuren, Ziang Guo, Ece Deniz et autres

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Time-resolved X-ray diffraction diagnostic development for the National Ignition Facility

Kalpani Werellapatha, N. E. Palmer, M. G. Gorman, Joel V. Bernier et autres

We present the development of an experimental platform that can collect four frames of x-ray diffraction data along a single line of sight during laser-driven, dynamic-compression experiments at the National Ignition Facility. The platform is comprised of a diagnostic imager built around …

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High-Performance Germanium P-I-N Photodiodes for High-Speed, Hard X-Ray Imaging

Ziang Guo, Sergei Mistyuk, A. C. Carpenter, Charles E. Hunt

Design, fabrication, and measurement of vertical Germanium (Ge) Photodiodes for high-speed, hard X-Ray imaging is presented. The devices used atmospheric-pressure epitaxial absorption layers, varying absorption layer thicknesses (10 – 245 μ m) over bulk-Ge substrates, fabricated in various sizes. Measurements include large-signal …

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Time resolved X-ray diffraction using the FIDDLE diagnostic at NIF

Cara E. Vennari, Camelia Stan, Y. Ping, L. R. Benedetti et autres

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