Vincent E. Escuyer

Quantitative measurement of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals genetic determinants of resistance and susceptibility in a target gene approach

Ivan Barilar, Simone Battaglia, Emanuele Borroni, Angela Pires Brandão et autres

The World Health Organization has a goal of universal drug susceptibility testing for patients with tuberculosis. However, molecular diagnostics to date have focused largely on first-line drugs and predicting susceptibilities in a binary manner (classifying strains as either susceptible or resistant). Here, …

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex whole-genome sequencing in New York State: Implementation of a reduced phenotypic drug susceptibility testing algorithm

Joseph Shea, Tanya A. Halse, Herns Modestil, Cheryl Kearns et autres

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) can predict drug resistance and antimicrobial susceptibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and has shown promise in partially replacing culture-based phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST). We performed a two-year side by side study comparing the prediction of drug resistance …

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Implementation of Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, and Linezolid in the United States: Experience Using a Novel All-Oral Treatment Regimen for Treatment of Rifampin-Resistant or Rifampin-Intolerant Tuberculosis Disease

Connie A. Haley, Marcos Coutinho Schechter, David Ashkin, Charles A. Peloquin et autres

BACKGROUND: Rifampin-resistant tuberculosis is a leading cause of morbidity worldwide; only one-third of persons start treatment, and outcomes are often inadequate. Several trials demonstrate 90% efficacy using an all-oral, 6-month regimen of bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid (BPaL), but significant toxicity occurred using …

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Bedaquiline and clofazimine resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: an in-vitro and in-silico data analysis

Lindsay Sonnenkalb, Joshua James Carter, Andrea Spitaleri, Zamin Iqbal et autres

BACKGROUND: Bedaquiline is a core drug for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; however, the understanding of resistance mechanisms is poor, which is hampering rapid molecular diagnostics. Some bedaquiline-resistant mutants are also cross-resistant to clofazimine. To decipher bedaquiline and clofazimine resistance determinants, we …

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Characterization of Mycobacterium salfingeri sp. nov.: A novel nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from a human wound infection

Emily Musser, Carol Smith, Tanya A. Halse, Donna J. Kohlerschmidt et autres

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental bacteria commonly found in soil and water in almost every part of the world. While usually non-pathogenic, they can cause acute respiratory and cutaneous infections under certain circumstances or in patients with underlying medical conditions. Contrary to …

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High fluoroquinolone resistance proportions among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis driven by dominant L2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis clones in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region

Viola Dreyer, Ayan Mandal, Prachi Dev, Matthias Merker et autres

BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains are a serious health problem in India, also contributing to one-fourth of the global MDR tuberculosis (TB) burden. About 36% of the MDR MTBC strains are reported fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistant leading to high pre-extensively …

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Novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Genotype Related to M. caprae

Joseph Shea, Carol Smith, Tanya A. Halse, Donna J. Kohlerschmidt et autres

We report the unusual genotypic characterization of a bacterium isolated from a clinical sample of a patient who grew up in Bangladesh and lives in the United States. Using whole-genome sequencing, we identified the bacterium as a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis …

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The 2021 WHO catalogue of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex mutations associated with drug resistance: a genotypic analysis

Paolo Miotto, Claudio Umberto Köser, Philip William Fowler, Zamin Iqbal et autres

Background Molecular diagnostics are considered the most promising route to achievement of rapid, universal drug susceptibility testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC).We aimed to generate a WHO-endorsed catalogue of mutations to serve as a global standard for interpreting molecular information for drug …

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Epidemiological cutoff values for a 96-well broth microdilution plate for high-throughput research antibiotic susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis

Philip William Fowler, Ivan Barilar, Simone Battaglia, Emanuele Borroni et autres

Abstract Drug susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis is rooted in a binary susceptible/resistant paradigm. Whilst there are considerable advantages in measuring the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of a panel of drugs for an isolate it is n ecessary to measure the epidemiological …

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Detection of Mycobacterium avium complex DNA directly in clinical respiratory specimens: opportunities for improved turn-around time and cost savings

Anh C. Tran, Tanya A. Halse, Vincent E. Escuyer, Kimberlee Arruda Musser

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Outbreak ofMycobacterium chelonaeInfection Associated with Tattoo Ink

Byron S. Kennedy, Brenden A. Bedard, Mary Younge, Deborah J. Tuttle et autres

BACKGROUND: In January 2012, on the basis of an initial report from a dermatologist, we began to investigate an outbreak of tattoo-associated Mycobacterium chelonae skin and soft-tissue infections in Rochester, New York. The main goals were to identify the extent, cause, and …

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Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Port-au-Prince, Haiti

Oksana Ocheretina, Willy Morose, Marie Gauthier, Patrice Joseph et autres

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among patients with new smear-positive pulmonary TB in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. METHODS: Sputum samples were cultured from 1 006 patients newly diagnosed with TB in 2008. The core region of the rpoB gene that …

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