任逍遥 Ren Xiaoyao

Gachapon Transparency, Age Restrictions, and Regulatory Compliance: Comparing Mainland China and Japan

任逍遥 Ren Xiaoyao, Xiong Xiaoyu, Leon Y. Xiao

Gachapon, also known as gachapon, is a type of vending machine that sells random capsule toys. A similar monetization approach, called gacha (also known as “loot boxes”), allows players to spend real-world money to obtain randomized virtual items and has become prevalent …

Gachapon Transparency, Age Restrictions, and Regulatory Compliance: Comparing Mainland China and Japan

Xiong Xiaoyu, 任逍遥 Ren Xiaoyao, Leon Y. Xiao

Gachapon (ガチャポン), also known as gashapon (ガシャポン), is a type of physical vending machine that sells collectible toys and figurines delivered in random capsules. Comparable physical products, such as blind boxes and card packs that similarly have randomised content, have raised concerns …

Buying blind? Physical blind boxes in China generally comply with age restrictions and are reasonably transparent

任逍遥 Ren Xiaoyao, Yuchen Huang, Leon Y. Xiao

Background and Aims: Blind boxes are physical gambling-like products that consumers buy to receive random prizes, often only with a small chance of obtaining a specific product they desire. These products became globally popular in 2025 and are currently not legally regulated …

Transparency and Regulatory Compliance of Physical Blind Box Products in Mainland China

Leon Y. Xiao, Yuchen Huang, 任逍遥 Ren Xiaoyao

This research examines the transparency and regulatory compliance of physical blind boxes commercially sold in Mainland China. Blind boxes contain randomised items or collectibles. This gambling-like characteristic makes them conceptually similar to video game “loot boxes,” and they have drawn attention from …

Are Gambling Ads on Instagram Targeting Under-25s/24s in the UK and the Netherlands in Breach of Rules?

Leon Y. Xiao, Callum Deery, Lo Ching Yiu, 任逍遥 Ren Xiaoyao et autres

The Betting & Gaming Council (BGC), as the UK industry body, requires its members not to target people aged under 25 with gambling advertising on social media. The BGC has exempted its members from having to comply with this rule on Facebook, …

Transparency and Regulatory Compliance of Physical Blind Box Products in Mainland China - Addendum

任逍遥 Ren Xiaoyao, Yuchen Huang, Leon Y. Xiao

This research focuses on the examination of the transparency and regulatory compliance of physical blind boxes commercially sold in Mainland China. As blind boxes contain randomized items or collectibles, this gambling-like characteristic makes them conceptually similar to video game “loot boxes”, and …

Transparency and Regulatory Compliance of Physical Blind Box Products in Mainland China

任逍遥 Ren Xiaoyao, Yuchen Huang, Leon Y. Xiao

This research examines the transparency and regulatory compliance of physical blind boxes commercially sold in Mainland China. Blind boxes contain randomised items or collectibles. This gambling-like characteristic makes them conceptually similar to video game “loot boxes,” and they have drawn attention from …

Micro-Electromechanical Systems Scan in Three-Dimensional Imaging Lidar System: Scanning Field Angle and Beam Expender

李小宝 Li Xiaobao, 王春晖 Wang Chunhui, 曲扬 Qu Yang, 任逍遥 Ren Xiaoyao