Tanya LeRoith

Bifidobacteria infantis and human milk oligosaccharides have independent and synergistic effects on immune response and amino acid metabolism in germ-free mouse models

Bharath Kumar Mulakala, Michael L. Salinas, Laurie A. Davidson, Selim Romero et autres

ABSTRACT Early-life microbial colonization is essential for gut and immune development. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) support the growth of Bifidobacterium infantis (BI). Here, we studied the individual and combined effects of BI and HMOs on the immune and colon transcriptomes and on …

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Persistence of Sarcocystis neurona and histopathology in horses with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis

Lauren Helber, Bettina Wagner, Caroline M. Leeth, Tanya LeRoith et autres

Currently, little is known about the exact role of Sarcocystis neurona immunopathology in equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), including the ability to persist after anti-protozoal treatment. The main objectives of this study were to determine whether S. neurona is present in the CNS …

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Improvement of glucose homeostasis during leptin treatment does not alter the intestinal microbiome in male diabetic UC Davis type-2 diabetes mellitus rats

Manuel Martínez-Ruiz, Leslie Tabor‐Simecka, James Lawrence Graham, Christopher Randolph et autres

Our data indicate that chronic administration of recombinant leptin in diabetic UCD-T2DM rats does not change the gut microbiome, despite improvements in food intake, glucose homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity.

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Case Report: Primary intracranial lymphoma and meningioma manifesting as a composite tumor in a cat

Christina R. Vezza, Teresa L Southard, Tanya LeRoith, Natalia J. Strandberg et autres

A 13-year-old, male neutered, Domestic Shorthair cat presented to the Virginia Tech Veterinary Teaching Hospital Neurology service for evaluation of episodes of altered mental status. On initial evaluation, the patient was noted to be alert and responsive, with a vestibular ataxia characterized …

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Antiviral resistance and barrier integrity at the maternal-fetal interface restrict hepatitis E virus from crossing the placental barrier

Debin Tian, Wen Li, Connie Lynn Heffron, Hassan M. Mahsoub et autres

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 1 (HEV-1) infection in pregnant women is associated with adverse outcomes of pregnancy including fulminant hepatic failure, fetal loss, premature birth, and neonatal mortality, although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this study, we first demonstrated …

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Dietary prevention of antibiotic‐induced dysbiosis and mortality upon aging in mice

Kelsey Smith, Sarah G Francisco, Ying Zhu, Tanya LeRoith et autres

Oral antibiotic use is both widespread and frequent in older adults and has been linked to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, enteric infection, and chronic diseases. Diet and nutrients, particularly prebiotics, may modify the susceptibility of the gut microbiome to antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. …

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Infant Microbiota Communities and Human Milk Oligosaccharide Supplementation Independently and Synergistically Shape Metabolite Production and Immune Responses in Healthy Mice

Patricia Tripp, Erin C. Davis, Manoj Gurung, Fernanda Trindade da Rosa et autres

BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have demonstrated associations between the early-life gut microbiome and incidence of inflammatory and autoimmune disease in childhood. Although microbial colonization is necessary for proper immune education, it is not well understood at a mechanistic level how specific communities of …

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Microbiota from human infants consuming secretors or non-secretors mothers’ milk impacts the gut and immune system in mice

Manoj Gurung, Brent Thomas Schlegel, Dhivyaa Rajasundaram, Renee Fox et autres

ABSTRACT Maternal secretor status is one of the determinants of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) composition, which, in turn, influences the gut microbiota composition of infants. To understand if this change in gut microbiota impacts immune cell composition, intestinal morphology, and gene expression, …

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Colonic epithelial hypoxia remains constant during the progression of diabetes in male UC Davis type 2 diabetes mellitus rats

Brian D. Piccolo, James Lawrence Graham, Leslie Tabor‐Simecka, Christopher E. Randolph et autres

INTRODUCTION: Colonocyte oxidation of bacterial-derived butyrate has been reported to maintain synergistic obligate anaerobe populations by reducing colonocyte oxygen levels; however, it is not known whether this process is disrupted during the progression of type 2 diabetes. Our aim was to determine …

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Persistence of Sarcocystis Neurona and Histologic Lesions in Horses with Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (Epm)

Lauren Helber, Bettina Wagner, Caroline McPhee Leeth, Tanya LeRoith et autres

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Case report: A case of oviductal and uterine leiomyosarcoma in an 11-year-old dog

Jillian Kazmierczak, Nicole J. Sugai, Katie E. Withowski, Abe Jonatan et autres

An 11-year-old, intact female Pomeranian dog was presented for evaluation due to an 18-h history of anorexia and lethargy. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a 3×3 cm mass of mixed echogenicity at the level of the left ovary. At laparotomy, a 5 mm mass …

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An FcRn-targeted mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission

Weizhong Li, Tao Wang, Arunraj Mekhemadhom Rajendrakumar, Gyanada Acharya et autres

SARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted through droplets and airborne aerosols, and in order to prevent infection and reduce viral spread vaccines should elicit protective immunity in the airways. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) transfers IgG across epithelial barriers and can enhance mucosal delivery …

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