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Julia J. C. Blau, Jeffrey B. Wagman
Some people who study perceiving and acting are absolutely convinced that ecological is the only way to understand how it is that all varieties of organisms perform all varieties of everyday behaviors. Those who are less convinced, however, often raise the same …
Julia J. C. Blau, Jeffrey B. Wagman
The sense of “touch” (or more properly, the somatosensory systems) is actually several diverse and overlapping senses. There are many different types of somatosensory receptors that vary in the size of their receptive fields, the timing of their response to stimuli, and …
Julia J. C. Blau, Jeffrey B. Wagman
In more traditional approaches, perceiving and acting are separate and distinct processes that eventually need to be linked together. This chapter explores the ecological alternative that perceiving and acting are inseparable, reciprocal, and continuous. In this approach, the structured light that an …
Julia J. C. Blau, Jeffrey B. Wagman
Humans have three different types of cones that are sensitive to three different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. S-cones are sensitive to shorter wavelengths (which we see as cobalt blue); M-cones are sensitive to medium wavelengths (which we see as lime green); …
Julia J. C. Blau, Jeffrey B. Wagman
Taste and smell (olfaction and gustation, respectively) are inextricably linked. They are linked in function—both serve as “gatekeepers” for ingesting harmful substances. They are also linked in lived experience—the concept of “flavor” is an overlapping sense. But they do have different receptors. …
Julia J. C. Blau, Jeffrey B. Wagman
The study of sensation and perception can be understood as the study of how we know stuff and how this allows us to do stuff. Imagine a character named Fred, who is trying to get a snack from an apple tree. Perceptual …
Julia J. C. Blau, Jeffrey B. Wagman
The traditional approach assumes that organisms start with no knowledge, gain knowledge through experience, perception is required for experience, and knowledge is needed for perception. Given this triangle, there is no way to start learning information. This leads to unsolvable problems like …
Julia J. C. Blau, Jeffrey B. Wagman
In traditional approaches, understanding visual perception requires explaining how light gets into (and is processed by) the brain. This chapter explores the ecological alternative that understanding the process of seeing requires understanding how the structured light that surrounds an animal gets into …
Julia J. C. Blau, Jeffrey B. Wagman
In the traditional approach, the starting point for visual perception is the retinal image. Consequently, the starting point for visual perception of motion are changes in the retinal image over time. Yet, these changes are ambiguous about motion of objects. In the …
Julia J. C. Blau, Jeffrey B. Wagman
The ecological approach requires a fundamental rethinking of what it is that animals perceive and act on. Two fundamental categories of such things are events and affordances . Ecological events are changes to the environment or the animal’s relationship to it. Perceiving …
Julia J. C. Blau, Jeffrey B. Wagman
In the traditional approach, the starting point for visual perception is the retinal image. But the retinal image is ambiguous about depth and size. In the traditional approach, cues available in what the eyes do and in the retinal image itself are …
Julia J. C. Blau, Jeffrey B. Wagman
In the traditional approach, the starting point for visual perception is the retinal image. For multiple reasons—including clutter, variable viewing conditions, and projective geometry—the retinal image is ambiguous about the shape, connectedness, and identity of surrounding objects and surfaces. In the traditional …
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