RORγt+ APCs require a distinct cis-regulatory element to instruct tolerance to dietary antigens

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Oral tolerance represents a hallmark of intestinal mucosal immunity to prevent inflammatory responses to harmless natural antigens, such as dietary components or commensal organisms. According to recent studies, RORγt+ antigen-presenting cell (APC) contributes to intestinal homeostasis, including oral tolerance, through inducing microbiota- and dietary antigen-specific Tregs. Here we identify a cis transcriptional regulatory element that distinguishes RORγt+ APCs from other of RORγt+ cell types. This sequence within Rorc gene loci, OCR369 governs RORγt expression in ILC3s and other RORγt+ APCs, but not T cells, through interaction with RUNX3 and formation of chromatin loops. OCR369 deletion results in a significant reduction of RORγt+ APCs in mLN around the weaning period and ILC3s in mLN and intestines of adult mice, accompanied by a decrease in RORγt+ Tregs and spontaneous inflammation in the small intestine. Mechanistically, the reduction in RORγt+ APCs, including both DC-like cells and MHCII+ ILC3s, impairs the development of both dietary antigen-specific and microbiota-specific RORγt+ Tregs and results in the loss of oral tolerance, thereby increasing allergy susceptibility. Thus, our findings identify a specific regulatory mechanism for RORγt expression in RORγt+ APCs and underscore the pivotal role of these cell types in mediating oral tolerance and maintaining intestinal health. RORγt+ antigen-presenting cells (APC) are playing a role in the generation of oral tolerance via their interaction with regulatory T cells recognising dietary and commensal bacterial antigens. Here authors show that a cis transcriptional regulatory element is responsible for RORγt specifically in APCs through interaction with RUNX3 and formation of chromatin loops, which determines a transcriptional program that distinguishes these oral tolerance mediating APCs from RORγt + T cells.

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