The effects of formula milk on development, nutrient absorption, and immune characteristics of piglets
Rattachement africain : cn, us, mv. Niveau de preuve : code pays fourni par la source.
Le résumé fourni par la source
Breast milk is widely regarded as the optimal nourishment for infants. However, due to physiological or psychosocial factors, many infants do not receive adequate breastfeeding. So, the formula milk is proposed as a substitute of breast milk, and an increasing number of infants are being formula-fed. Numerous studies have highlighted the difference between breast and formula feeding, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Given the ethical constraints in conducting experimental studies on human breastfeeding, we employed pig, which have similar physiological structure with humans, to examine the impacts of different feeding practices. In this study, we found that effects of feeding practices were primarily associated with absorption, immunity, and the intestinal barrier. Compared to breast-fed piglets, formula-fed piglets had higher body weight ( P = 3.31 × 10 −2 ), liver weight ( P = 6.57 × 10 −8 ) and kidney weight ( P = 4.40 × 10 −6 ), but no differences in intestinal villus length and crypt depth. Formula feeding also enhanced the expression of transport genes relate to carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, bile salts, vitamins, water, and calcium. Meanwhile, piglets fed with breast milk and formula milk demonstrated distinct immune characteristics. Breast milk promoted the expression of genes associated with immunity and the intestinal barrier. Breast-fed piglets had higher levels of IgM ( P = 1.59 × 10 −2 ), IgG ( P = 3.17 × 10 −2 ) and white blood cells ( P = 6.72 × 10 −3 ) in serum, as well as higher content of B cells ( P = 4.08 × 10 −6 ) and mast cells ( P = 2.04 × 10 −6 ) in the intestine. In contrast, formula-fed piglets showed higher levels of CD8 + T cells in intestine ( P = 1.49 × 10 −4 ). In summary, this study comprehensively investigated the effects of feeding practice on piglet at the molecular level and provided valuable data for the development and application of formula milk.
Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.
Le contrôle bibliographique ouvert
DOI retrouvé dans Crossref DOI retrouvé ; titre concordant.
- Titre Crossref
- The effects of formula milk on development, nutrient absorption, and immune characteristics of piglets
- Date Crossref
- 07/08/2025
- Éditeur
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC
- Type
- journal-article
Ce recoupement confirme des métadonnées liées au DOI. Il ne confirme ni la méthode ni les conclusions de l’étude, et il ne compte pas comme une seconde source scientifique indépendante.
Où se fait cette recherche
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Sichuan Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs pays non établi dans la noticeOrganisme public
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Chongqing Academy of Animal Science pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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University of South Florida pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Ministry of Education pays non établi dans la noticeOrganisme public
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College of Life Science pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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College of Animal Science and Technology Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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College of Veterinary Medicine pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Morsani College of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Yangzhou University Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry — Sichuan Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs et Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, avec 7 autres affiliations.
Une affiliation ne permet pas de déduire la nationalité d’un auteur.