Nancy A. Chester

Comparative Human Health and Environmental Toxicology Review of Seven Candidate Obscurant Smokes for Replacement of M83 Grenade

Michael Simini, Ronald T. Checkai, Nancy A. Chester, Mark V. Haley

Abstract : The goal of this effort was to review available information regarding human health toxicology, ecotoxicology, and environmental fate and transport data for the component materials and reaction products from seven candidate smokes for replacement of the M83 grenade. A literature …

Review of Literature on Health Effects of Corn Oil and Its Oxidation Products

Roman G. Kuperman, Ronald T. Checkai, Nancy A. Chester

Abstract : This report summarizes the health effects of inhaling aerosolized corn oil and its oxidation products. Literature reports that inhalation of aerosolized oils, including vegetable oils, can elicit lipoid pneumonia, promote proliferative fibrosis in the lungs, and result in the development …

Carbon Fiber Obscurant: Enhancing Warfighter Effectiveness While Meeting Environmental Regulations

Carlton T. Phillips, Ronald T. Checkai, Roman G. Kuperman, Michael Simini et autres

Although the battlefield scenario has changed over the last decade, the need still exists for an obscurant capable of countering enemy weapon strikes. A millimeter-wave (MMW) material obscuring in the 9-96 GMz range of the electromagnetic spectrum has become critical for the …

Ecological Soil Screening Levels For Invertebrates at Explosives-Contaminated Sites: Supporting Sustainability of Army Testing and Training

Roman G. Kuperman, Ronald T. Checkai, Michael Simini, Carlton T. Phillips et autres

The Army Strategy for the Environment applies an ecosystem approach to managing natural resources on Army installations. It incorporates the principles of sustainability across the Army into all functional areas. We conducted investigations to develop critical environmental data required for successful management …

Assessing Toxicity of Obscurant Grade Pan-Based Carbon Fiber Aquatic Species Chronic Tests

Nancy A. Chester, Mark V. Haley, C. W. Kumas, Ronald T. Checkai

The Army Objective Force is characterized as organized, manned, equipped, and trained for land combat. In support of full-spectrum operations, Objective Force Concepts at the tactical level, and Objective Force Design emphasizing survivability and on-board multi-spectral capabilities, the newly developed Millimeter Wave …

Performance of the ACWA Pilot Immobilized Cell Bioreactor in Degradation of HD and Tetrytol Payloads of the M60 Chemical Round

Mark A. Guelta, Nancy A. Chester, Carl W. Kurnas, Mark V. Haley et autres

In 1996, public laws 104-208, 105-261, and 106-79 established and expanded the Assembled Chemical Weapons Assessment (ACWA) Program. To address public concerns over the safe destruction of the U.S. chemical weapon stockpile; the ACWA program was tasked to identify two or more …

Biodegradation of HD and Tetrytol Hydrolysates in a Pilot Scale Immobilized Cell Bioreactor

Mark A. Guelta, Nancy A. Chester, Stephen Lupton, M. Koch et autres

To address public concerns over the safe destruction of the U.S. chemical weapon stockpile, the Assembled Chemical Weapons Assessment (ACWA) Program identified neutralization followed by biodegradation as having potential for destroying the chemical agent and burster charge fills of chemical agent projectiles. …

Review of Selected Army-Funded Research on Fog Oil Smoke Characteristics as Related to Clean Air Act Issues

Nancy A. Chester

Abstract : The endurance of fog oil (FO) as a choice training smoke is credited to its advantageous characteristics, which lead to optimum obscuration of troops and mechanized equipment as well as its cost efficiency, safety, and ease of handling. Fog oil's …

Aquatic Toxicity of Chemical Agent Simulants as Determined by Quantitative Structure—Activity Relationships and Acute Bioassays

Nancy A. Chester, George R. Famini, Mark V. Haley, Carl W. Kurnas et autres

Chemical agent simulants (simulants) have been used over the last 30 years to resolve obvious safety issues and provide sources for the development and testing of chemical defense equipment and procedures. In response to increasingly more stringent requirements being placed on the …

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Using theoretical descriptors in structure activity relationships: Validating toxicity predictions

George R. Famini, Leland Y. Wilson, Nancy A. Chester, P. A. Sterling

Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSAR) and Linear Free Energy Relationships (LFER) are very useful for correlating toxicological data, and in characterizating trends in terms of structural and electronic effects. Several years ago, we developed a series of equations correlating a number of …

Toxicity of Terephthalic Acid (TPA) Smoke Mix to Algae, Daphnia, Fathead Minnows, and Earthworms.

Mark V. Haley, Nancy A. Chester, Carl W. Kurnas, William T. Muse et autres

Abstract : Terephthalic Acid (TPA) is being considered as a replacement smoke for Hexachloroethane (HC). The TPA smoke mix was subjected to toxicity studies to test its effects on Daphnia magna (water flea), Selenastrum capricornutum (unicellular green algae), Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow), …

Toxicity of Sediments Surrounding the Gunpowder Neck Superfund Site at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland.

Mark V. Haley, J. S. Anthony, Nancy A. Chester, Carl W. Kurnas

Abstract : From the late 194Os through the 196Os, the standard practice for disposing of toxic chemicals at Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, was open burning. Historic records show that an open burning site was used to dispose of a variety of Army …