Assessing Toxicity of Obscurant Grade Pan-Based Carbon Fiber Aquatic Species Chronic Tests

Le résumé fourni par la source

The Army Objective Force is characterized as organized, manned, equipped, and trained for land combat. In support of full-spectrum operations, Objective Force Concepts at the tactical level, and Objective Force Design emphasizing survivability and on-board multi-spectral capabilities, the newly developed Millimeter Wave Module has been added to the M56 smoke generation system by the Joint Program Manager for Nuclear Biological and Chemical Contamination Avoidance (JPM NBCCA). Use of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fiber in the module will provide user-capability for delivering large area obscurant screens in the millimeter wave-range of the electromagnetic spectrum while maintaining those capabilities already existing in the IR (graphite flakes) and visual (fog oil) ranges. We further support full spectrum training by providing species-specific portions of the ecotoxicological data necessitated by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) in order to gain training approval at national installations with minimal restrictions. To this end we are investigating the toxicity of PAN-based carbon fibers to the aquatic species Ceriodaphnia dubia (water flea), Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow), and Selenastrum capricornutum (green single celled algae). We adapt standard USEPA chronic aquatic toxicity methods to provide ecotoxicological results for both lethal and sub-lethal parameters, including LC50 (24-, 48- and 96-h), IC50, EC20, and EC50 values, and bounded NOEC and LOEC values.

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