Yingying Zhang

Comparative cost-effectiveness of screening for lung cancer using different risk scores and thresholds: the Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial

Yingying Zhang, Sebastian Hinde, Catriona S Marshall, Neil Hancock et autres

Background Lung cancer (LC) is the most common cause of cancer death in the UK and worldwide, but screening with low-dose CT (LDCT) reduces LC deaths. The UK National Screening Committee has recommended nationwide roll-out of LDCT screening, but the optimal risk …

gb (code pays fourni par la source)

Efficacy and safety of short-cycle, dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy in adolescents living with HIV (BREATHER Plus): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, parallel, two-arm, non-inferiority trial

Adeodata Kekitiinwa, Angus C. Jennings, Mutsa Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Cissy Kityo et autres

BACKGROUND: Short-cycle antiretroviral therapy (ART), comprising 5 days on and 2 days off treatment, offers the potential for ART-free weekends, reduced toxicity, and improved quality of life for adolescents living with HIV, who typically have worse treatment outcomes than other age groups. …

Ouganda, gb, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Afrique du Sud, it, ca, nl (code pays fourni par la source)

Estimating the Causal Effect of Realistic Treatment Strategies Using Longitudinal Observational Data

Yingying Zhang, A. H. Bennett, Andrea Manca, Moshe Mittelman et autres

BackgroundReal-world data can inform health care decisions by allowing the evaluation of nuanced treatment strategies. Longitudinal observational data enable the assessment of dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs), strategies that adapt treatment over time based on patient history, but require causal inference methods to …

gb, il, nl, at, it, us (code pays fourni par la source)

Enhancing Pulmonary Embolism Risk Assessment with an Improved Evolutionary Machine Learning Approach

Shuai Liu, Yining Liu, Yangjing Lin, Huiling Chen et autres

cn (code pays fourni par la source)

Timing of Screening Benefit for Lung Cancer With Low-Dose CT Imaging

Yang Xie, Peng Zhang, Yiting Li, Baichuan Xu et autres

cn, gb (code pays fourni par la source)

Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy for Children Living with HIV in Africa

Victor Musiime, Mutsa Bwakura‐Dangarembizi, Alexander J. Szubert, Vivian Mumbiro et autres

BACKGROUND: Children living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have limited options for second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS: In this open-label trial with a 2-by-4 factorial design, we randomly assigned children with HIV who had first-line treatment failure to receive second-line therapy with …

Ouganda, Zimbabwe, gb, Zambie, Afrique du Sud, nl (code pays fourni par la source)

Understanding Generalization in Transformers: Error Bounds and Training Dynamics Under Benign and Harmful Overfitting

Yingying Zhang, Zhen‐Yu Wu, Jian Li, Yong Liu

Transformers serve as the foundational architecture for many successful large-scale models, demonstrating the ability to overfit the training data while maintaining strong generalization on unseen data, a phenomenon known as benign overfitting. However, research on how the training dynamics influence error bounds …

OD27 Estimating The Causal Effect Of Adaptive Treatment Strategies Using Longitudinal Observational Data

Yingying Zhang, Noémi Kreif, A. H. Bennett, Andrea Manca

Introduction Real-world data can help inform policymaking in health care by facilitating the evaluation of realistic treatment protocols. To generate robust evidence, analysts must address time-dependent confounders—variables influenced by past treatment decisions and affecting future treatment. Double-robust methods can help in eliminating …

Machine Learning Methods to Estimate Individualized Treatment Effects for Use in Health Technology Assessment

Yingying Zhang, Noémi Kreif, Vijay S. Gc, Andrea Manca

BACKGROUND: Recent developments in causal inference and machine learning (ML) allow for the estimation of individualized treatment effects (ITEs), which reveal whether treatment effectiveness varies according to patients' observed covariates. ITEs can be used to stratify health policy decisions according to individual …

gb, us (code pays fourni par la source)

Second-line tenofovir alafenamide for children with HIV in Africa

Victor Musiime, Alexander J. Szubert, Hilda Angela Mujuru, Cissy M Kityo et autres

Abstract Background Children living with HIV have few second-line antiretroviral therapy(ART) options, especially fixed-dose-combinations(FDC). Methods Children from Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe were randomised to second-line tenofovir alafenamide(TAF)/emtricitabine(FTC) or standard-of-care(SOC) backbone (abacavir(ABC) or zidovudine(ZDV) with lamivudine(3TC)) in the factorial CHAPAS-4 trial. The second randomisation …

Ouganda, gb, Zimbabwe, Zambie, Afrique du Sud (code pays fourni par la source)

CHAPAS-4 trial: second-line anchor drugs for children with HIV in Africa

Mutsa Bwakura‐Dangarembizi, Alexander J. Szubert, Vivian Mumbiro, Cissy M Kityo et autres

Abstract Background Children living with HIV requiring second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) have limited options, an unmet need considering children require life-long ART. Methods Children from Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe were randomised to one of four second-line anchor drugs: dolutegravir(DTG), ritonavir-boosted darunavir(DRV/r), atazanavir(ATV/r), or …

Zimbabwe, gb, Ouganda, Zambie, nl (code pays fourni par la source)

Implementing a sandbox approach in health technology assessment: benefits and recommendations

Jamie Elvidge, Nick Crabb, Diana M. J. Delnoij, Saskia Knies et autres

OBJECTIVES: The sandbox approach, developed in the financial technologies sector, creates an environment to collaboratively develop and test innovative new products, methods and regulatory approaches, separated from business as usual. It has been used in health care to encourage innovation in response …

gb, nl, se, fr, fi, Égypte (code pays fourni par la source)