Rachele M. Bochart

Boosting SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses prior to ART interruption extends time to SIVmac239 rebound

Were R. Omange, Benjamin D. Varco-Merth, Omo Fadeyi, Alejandra Marenco et autres

HIV/SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses are typically unable to control viral rebound following antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption (ATI). To investigate whether enhancing the magnitude and activation of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells at the time of ATI can improve the immune interception of …

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Combining a rhesus cytomegalovirus/SIV vaccine with a neutralizing antibody to protect against SIV challenges in rhesus macaques

Jessica D. Coppola, Mara Parren, Raiza B. Bastidas, Karen F. Saye et autres

A vaccine is considered essential for controlling the HIV pandemic and ultimately eradicating AIDS. Neutralizing antibodies and MHC-E-restricted CD8+ T cells have shown the ability to protect against the simian counterpart of HIV, SIV, in rhesus macaques. In this study, we provide …

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Glycoprotein L–deleted single-cycle rhesus cytomegalovirus vectors elicit MHC-E–restricted CD8+ T cells that protect against SIV

Scott G. Hansen, John B. Schell, Emily E. Marshall, Sohita Ojha et autres

Strain 68-1 rhesus CMV (RhCMV) vectors induce immune responses that mediate early, complete replication arrest of SIV infection in ∼60% of vaccinated rhesus macaques (RMs). This unique efficacy depends on the ability of these vectors to elicit effector memory (EM)-biased CD8+ T …

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Combining a rhesus cytomegalovirus/SIV vaccine with neutralizing antibody to protect against SIV challenge in rhesus macaques

Jessica D. Coppola, Mara Parren, Raiza B. Bastidas, Karen L. Saye-Francisco et autres

A vaccine is widely regarded as necessary for the control of the HIV pandemic and eventual eradication of AIDS. Neutralizing antibodies and MHC-E-restricted CD8+ T cells have both been shown capable of vaccine protection against the simian counterpart of HIV, SIV, in …

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Impact of alemtuzumab-mediated lymphocyte depletion on SIV reservoir establishment and persistence

Benjamin D. Varco-Merth, Morgan Chaunzwa, Derick M. Duell, Alejandra Marenco et autres

Persistence of the rebound-competent viral reservoir (RCVR) within the CD4+ T cell compartment of people living with HIV remains a major barrier to HIV cure. Here, we determined the effects of the pan-lymphocyte-depleting monoclonal antibody (mAb) alemtuzumab on the RCVR in SIVmac239-infected …

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Immune restoration by TIGIT blockade is insufficient to control chronic SIV infection

Gabriela M. Webb, Cleiton T. Pessoa, Allyson J. McCullen, Joseph M. Hwang et autres

ABSTRACT TIGIT is a negative immune checkpoint receptor associated with T cell exhaustion in cancer and HIV. TIGIT upregulation in virus-specific CD8 + T cells and NK cells during HIV/SIV infection results in dysfunctional effector capabilities. In vitro studies targeting TIGIT on …

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Identification of Vancomycin Resistance in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in two macaque species and decolonization and long-term prevention of recolonization in Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

Rachele M. Bochart, Kimberly M. Armantrout, Hugh B. Crank, Rachael Tonelli et autres

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a S. aureus strain with resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, making it a global human and veterinary health concern. Specifically, immunosuppressed patients have a remarkably higher risk of clinical MRSA infections with significantly increased rates of prolonged clinical …

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Allogeneic immunity clears latent virus following allogeneic stem cell transplantation in SIV-infected ART-suppressed macaques

Helen L. Wu, Kathleen Busman‐Sahay, Whitney C. Weber, Courtney M. Waytashek et autres

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Correction: Mitigation of endemic GI-tract pathogen-mediated inflammation through development of multimodal treatment regimen and its impact on SIV acquisition in rhesus macaques

Rachele M. Bochart, Kathleen Busman‐Sahay, Stephen Bondoc, David Morrow et autres

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009565.].

OP 6.7 – 00044 Long-term ART-free SIV Remission Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Mauritian Cynomolgus Macaques

Helen L. Wu, Mahesh Kumar, Emily J. Fray, Robert F. Siliciano et autres

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Optimization and use of near infrared imaging to guide lymph node collection in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Jeremy V Smedley, Rachele M. Bochart, Miranda Fischer, Heidi Funderburgh et autres

BACKGROUND: Identification of lymph nodes (LNs) draining a specific site or in obese macaques can be challenging. METHODS: Indocyanine Green (ICG) was administered intradermal (ID), intramuscular, in the oral mucosa, or subserosal in the colon followed by Near Infrared (NIR) imaging. RESULTS: …

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Antimicrobial prophylaxis does not improve post-surgical outcomes in SIV/SHIV-uninfected or SIV/SHIV-infected macaques (Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis) based on a retrospective analysis

Cassandra Rae Moats, Kimberly L. Cook, Kimberly M. Armantrout, Hugh B. Crank et autres

Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis is indicated when performing contaminated surgeries, when specific surgical implants are placed, and for prolonged surgical procedures. Unnecessary prophylactic antibiotics are often utilized for macaque surgeries, despite medical and veterinary guidelines. In this study we compared complication rates in …

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