Evaluation of human papillomavirus infection and p16 expression in bladder cancer

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Background: The involvement of human papillomavirus（HPV）in bladder cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HPV infection and the expression of p16, a surrogate marker of HPV infection, in bladder cancer tissues. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 132 surgically treated patients with bladder cancer. HPV DNA detection was performed using in situ hybridization（ISH）, and the expression of p16 was assessed using immunohistochemistry（IHC）. The correlation between HPV ISH results and the expression of p16 was evaluated. Results: HPV DNA was detected in 4 of the 132 cases（3%）. Among the 67 p16-positive cases （50.8%）, 3 were HPV DNA-positive. There was no significant association between HPV DNA positivity and the expression of p16（p = 0.6194）. Conclusion: HPV infection was observed in a small proportion of bladder cancer cases and the p16 expression was not significantly correlated with the HPV status. These findings suggest that p16 immunostaining may not be a reliable surrogate marker for HPV infection in bladder cancer. Further research is required to clarify the role of HPV in bladder carcinogenesis.

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