2D‐Network VO 2 Metasurface‐Integrated Adaptive Radiative Thermal Device With Ultra‐Low Solar Absorptance for Spacecraft Thermal Control

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ABSTRACT Temperature‐adaptive thermochromic radiative devices are critical for spacecraft missions encountering large temperature fluctuations. However, traditional vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) Fabry–Perot cavities suffer from a severe intrinsic trade‐off between dynamic infrared emittance modulation and solar reflection, imposing a significant performance ceiling. To break this bottleneck, we develop a novel metasurface intelligent radiator device (MIRD) featuring a 2D continuous VO 2 network via magnetron sputtering and photolithography to realize complete optical decoupling. The MIRD yields an exceptional ultra‐low solar absorptance of 0.26, enabled by reduced VO 2 coverage and wide super‐wavelength channels that facilitate the escape of incident photons. Concurrently, the connected VO 2 network achieves robust sub‐wavelength infrared trapping, automatically switching its thermal emittance from 0.28 to 0.92 (Δ ε = 0.64) via a mechanism cooperatively driven by multiple localized surface polariton resonances and the photonically amplified metal‐insulator transition. Transient orbital thermodynamic modeling for a one‐unit CubeSat nanosatellite in a 600 km low Earth orbit and terrestrial outdoor experiments demonstrate outstanding thermal‐regulation efficacy under complex environmental conditions. Featuring relaxed micron‐scale feature sizes (2 µm) that favor high‐throughput scalable manufacturing, this continuous‐network paradigm offers a highly viable solution for intelligent aerospace thermal management.

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