Features of population immunity in elderly individuals against influenza and ARVI pathogens in the 2024–2025 season

Le résumé fourni par la source

Data on the state of herd immunity is of key importance for identifying the features of the epidemic process, forecasting its development, as well as for substantiating measures for specific and non-specific prevention of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections among the population, including risk groups. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of specific antibodies to current variants of the influenza virus and other acute respiratory viral infections in older adults in Moscow during the 2024–2025 epidemic season. The study used official statistics data. The work includes blood serum samples from two groups of the Moscow population collected in 2025: 125 conditionally healthy adults under the age of 50 (the first group) and 125 middle-aged and elderly individuals with a history of chronic somatic diseases (the second group). To determine the titers of antibodies to influenza viruses, the hemagglutination inhibition reaction was used with a spectrum of current strains; for adenovirus and metapneumovirus, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used. In the first group, antibodies to influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 (31.2 %), A (H3N2) (70.4 %), and B (89.6 %) viruses were detected most frequently. At the same time, while maintaining the general structure of collective immunity to different variants of the influenza virus, the proportion of individuals with antibodies was statistically significantly lower in the second group of examined individuals. In relation to COVID-19, the antibody levels in both groups did not have statistically significant differences. A higher level of population immunity (more than 60 %) to adenovirus and metapneumovirus was detected in the second group of individuals. The results of the serological examination of elderly individuals indicate the vulnerability of this group to influenza and acute respiratory viral infections, and also confirm the need for active use of both specific and non-specific prevention measures to reduce the incidence of diseases and prevent complications.

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