Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-40, and endorepellin levels in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-40, and endorepellin in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and explore their potential diagnostic roles. METHODS: The study involved 43 coronary artery disease patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and 43 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Plasma levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-40, and endorepellin were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS v25.0, with significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS: Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 levels were significantly reduced, while tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-40 were elevated in coronary artery disease patients (p<0.001, p=0.003, p=0.001). Endorepellin levels did not differ significantly (p=0.120). Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 correlated inversely with tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-40; tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-40 showed a positive correlation. Regression identified nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 as a tumor necrosis factor alpha predictor. Principal component analysis distinguished patients from controls based on biomarker profiles. These findings reflect enhanced inflammation and impaired antioxidant defense in coronary artery disease. Interleukin-40 may serve as a novel inflammatory biomarker; endorepellin's unchanged levels suggest localized vascular effects. CONCLUSION: Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-40 emerged as significant biomarkers reflecting the inflammatory and oxidative stress mechanisms associated with coronary artery disease. Interleukin-40 and endorepellin may offer new insights into disease mechanisms and warrant further research.

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