A CMOS Time-of-Evaporation Measurement Technique for Binary Chemical Solvent Monitoring

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This paper introduces a novel Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS)-based sensing mechanism for measuring the Time of Evaporation (ToE) of binary chemical solvents. Utilizing an integrated CMOS capacitive sensor, the system detects evaporation from micro-liter volumes of chemical solvents deposited on the surface of interdigitated electrodes. This platform enables precise ToE measurement, which varies based on the composition of the binary solvent mixture. The functionality and practicality of the proposed sensing method were validated through experiments involving mixtures of pure water, ethanol, and methanol. Over 66 experimental results demonstrate that at room temperature, ToE serves as an indicator of the relative composition of two chemical solvents. Specifically, the ToE Change Ratio (TCR) and Capacitance Change Ratio (CCR) for water-ethanol mixtures were approximately 21.13% and 1.19%, respectively. Despite the droplet being freely placed on the CMOS chip at room temperature, the characterization curve between ToE and alcohol concentration exhibits linearity, with an R² value exceeding 0.945 for water-ethanol mixtures. These findings underscore the sensor's ability to provide rapid, accurate, and cost-effective liquid characterization. This evaporation-based sensing platform holds significant potential for advancing life sciences, offering a reliable and efficient tool for liquid analysis.

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