In Vitro Antagonistic Activity of Trichoderma gamsii Isolated From Hazelnut Twigs Against Colletotrichum spp.

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ABSTRACT Trichoderma species are widely recognised for their antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic fungi and for their ability to promote plant growth, hence representing promising candidates for sustainable crop protection. In this study, a Trichoderma gamsii isolate was recovered from the phyllosphere of hazelnut ( Corylus avellana ) and characterised through morphological, molecular and phylogenetic approaches. Its antagonistic potential was evaluated in vitro against six Colletotrichum species using dual culture assays, as well as through exposure to volatile and non‐volatile metabolites. To elucidate the chemical basis of its antagonism, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and non‐volatile metabolites (non‐VOCs) produced in pure culture were profiled by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), respectively. The isolate exhibited strong inhibitory effects, reducing pathogen growth by up to 79%, depending on the Colletotrichum species. These results expand current knowledge of the metabolic repertoire of T. gamsii and support its potential as an effective and eco‐friendly biocontrol agent for the sustainable management of anthracnose diseases.

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