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Sex Differences in Measures of Energy Expenditure and Body Composition in Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults

Hannah E. Cabre, Kara L. Marlatt, Rodrigo Fernández‐Verdejo, Robbie A. Beyl, Leanne M. Redman, Philip N. Ainslie, Heliodoro Alemán-Mateo, Lene Frost Andersen, Liam Anderson, Lenore Arab, Kweku Bedu-Addo, A. Bonomi, Carlijn V. C. Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Søren Brage, Maciej S. Buchowski, Nancy F. Butte, Stefan Gerardus Camps, Regina C. Casper, Graeme L. Close, Lisa H. Colbert, Jamie A. Cooper, Richard Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Sanjoy Deb, Terrence Forrester, Melanie B. Gillingham, Annelies Goris, Michael Gurven, Catherine Hambly, Sumei Hu, Annemiek M. Joosen, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Kitty P. Kempen, Misaka Kimura, William E. Kraus, Wantanee Kriengsinyos, Robert F. Kushner, Nader Lessan, Marie Löf, Corby K. Martin, Eric Matsiko, Anine Christine Medin, James C. Morehen, James P. Morton, Marian L. Neuhouser, Ross L. Prentice, Susan B. Racette, David A. Raichlen, Rebecca M. Reynolds, Susan B. Roberts, Luís B. Sardinha, Albertine J. Schuit, Analiza M. Silva, Samuel S. Urlacher, Mauro Eduardo Valencia, Ludo M. Van Etten, Jeanine Verbunt, George Wilson, Brian M. Wood, Tsukasa Yoshida, Xueying Zhang, Alexia J. Murphy‐Alford, Cornelia Loechl, Amy Luke, Herman Pontzer, Jennifer Rood, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Dale A. Schoeller, Klaas R. Westerterp, William W. Wong, Yosuke Yamada, John R. Speakman, Éric Ravussin

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63Institutions associées

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Résumé fourni par la source

Background Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) is vital for energy balance and cardiometabolic health, yet its trajectory across the lifespan, particularly in females, remains poorly understood. Objectives We sought to examine the effects of aging and sex on body composition and TDEE. Methods In a cross-sectional analysis of data from research centers across 9 European Countries and the United States from the International Atomic Energy Agency database, TDEE and body composition measures of 2326 participants (1560W/766M; 50.7 ± 12 .6 y) were stratified across age groups: young (30–39 y; YOUNG), middle-aged (40–54 y; MID), and old (55–70 y; OLD). Doubly labeled water was used to estimate TDEE and fat-free mass (FFM). Fat mass (FM) was calculated as the difference between body mass and FFM, and %fat was ratio between FM and body mass as a percentage. Linear models were used for analysis. Results Females demonstrated greater FM and lower FFM with each age group, compared with males ( P < 0.001). In females, OLD had lower absolute TDEE than YOUNG (−217 kcal/d, P < 0.001) and MID (−208 kcal/d, P < 0.001). Male absolute TDEE was lowered across all age groups (OLD compared with YOUNG: −334 kcal/d; OLD compared with MID: −210 kcal/d; MID compared with YOUNG: −124 kcal/d; P < 0.001). Adjusted TDEE was similar within age groups between females and males. Conclusions These results suggest that age influences changes in body composition and energy expenditure similarly between males and females. The most significant change in TDEE occurs as individuals transition from middle age to older adulthood. Females generally have a higher percentage of %fat and FM, along with lower FFM, compared with males across all age groups. These findings are important for understanding how aging affects metabolism and body composition, which could inform sex-specific health strategies and interventions.

Institutions

Pennington Biomedical Research Center Louisiana State University Advisory Board Company (United States)Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Liverpool John Moores University Universidad de Sonora University of Oslo University of Birmingham University of California, Los Angeles Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Eindhoven University of Technology Centre universitaire de médecine générale et santé publique, Lausanne University of Cambridge MRC Epidemiology Unit Vanderbilt University Children's Nutrition Research Center at Baylor College of Medicine Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences Clinical Nutrition Research Centre Stanford University University of Wisconsin–Madison Loyola University Chicago Loyola Medicine Tufts University Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Norwegian University of Science and Technology University of Westminster University of the West Indies Oregon Health & Science University Maastricht University University of California, Santa Barbara University of Aberdeen Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Kyoto University of Advanced Science Duke University Mahidol University Northwestern University NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre Imperial College London Diabetes Centre Imperial College London Karolinska Institutet University of Rwanda University of Agder The Football Association Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Fred Hutch Cancer Center University of Phoenix Arizona State University University of Southern California California Southern University The Queen's Medical Research Institute Dartmouth College University of Lisbon Wageningen University & Research Baylor University Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology National Institute of Infectious Diseases National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition Kunming Institute of Zoology Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology International Atomic Energy Agency University of Tsukuba Maastricht University Medical Centre

Sujets associés

Obesity, Physical Activity, DietPhysical Activity and HealthHealth disparities and outcomes

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