Removal of 2-Methyl-4-Isothiazolin-3-One by VUV/UV/Persulfate for Sustainable Wastewater Reclamation: Effects of Inorganic Anions on the Concentrations and Contributions of Hydroxyl Radicals and Sulfate Radicals
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Le résumé fourni par la source
The non-oxidizing antimicrobial 2-Methyl-4-Isothiazolin-3-one (MIT) poses a significant environmental risk given its frequent detection in municipal wastewater. This study showed that the combination of Vacuum UV/UV (VUV/UV) and persulfate (PDS) efficiently achieved the rapid transformation and removal of 10 μM MIT within 90 s, which is much faster than UV, UV/PDS, and VUV/UV. Increasing the PDS dosage improved MIT degradation, whereas changes in pH between 4 and 10 had little effect. Radical quenching experiments showed that 93% of the MIT oxidation was attributable to the hydroxyl radical (•OH) and the sulfate radical (SO4•−). SO4•− and •OH at concentrations of 8.6 × 10−12 M and 1.5 × 10−12 M accounted for 32% and 61% of the MIT degradation, respectively, and the greater contribution of •OH was attributed to its higher reaction rate constant with MIT compared to SO4•−. Sulfate had a negligible impact on the radical concentrations. Chloride (1 mM) reduced the SO4•− and •OH concentrations by 61% and 27%, respectively. And the SO4•− contribution to MIT degradation fell to 19%. Nitrate (5 mM) readily quenched •OH but minimally affected SO4•−. The •OH concentration decreased by 79%, reducing its contribution to 27%. Bicarbonate/carbonate (5 mM) simultaneously reduced the SO4•− and •OH by 26–30% and had little effect on their contributions. Because of the quenching effect of organic matter and inorganic anions on radicals, secondary effluent inhibited the degradation of MIT. After a 120 s treatment, the total organic carbon, UV254, and fluorescence regional integration were reduced by 5%, 8%, and 17–24%, respectively. This study provides a quantitative analysis of how inorganic ions alter the concentrations and contributions of •OH and SO4•−, elucidating the MIT removal mechanisms in VUV/UV/PDS for sustainable wastewater reclamation.
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Le contrôle bibliographique ouvert
DOI retrouvé dans Crossref DOI retrouvé ; titre concordant.
- Titre Crossref
- Removal of 2-Methyl-4-Isothiazolin-3-One by VUV/UV/Persulfate for Sustainable Wastewater Reclamation: Effects of Inorganic Anions on the Concentrations and Contributions of Hydroxyl Radicals and Sulfate Radicals
- Date Crossref
- 05/11/2025
- Éditeur
- MDPI AG
- Type
- journal-article
Ce recoupement confirme des métadonnées liées au DOI. Il ne confirme ni la méthode ni les conclusions de l’étude, et il ne compte pas comme une seconde source scientifique indépendante.
Où se fait cette recherche
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Beijing University of Technology pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology pays non établi dans la noticeStructure de recherche
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State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control pays non établi dans la noticeStructure de recherche
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Tsinghua University pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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College of Environmental Science and Engineering National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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School of Environment Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
Beijing University of Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology et State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, avec 3 autres affiliations.
Une affiliation ne permet pas de déduire la nationalité d’un auteur.