Development of a diagnostic model of insulin‐related lipohypertrophy for patients with diabetes mellitus

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AIMS: To develop a diagnostic model of insulin-related lipohypertrophy for patients with diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed. Between December 2021 and November 2022, a total of 395 diabetic patients treated with insulin were enrolled from a tertiary hospital in Tianjin, China. Demographic and clinical factors were collected, and patients were assessed for lipohypertrophy by ultrasound scanning. The rate of lipohypertrophy was investigated, and a nomogram was developed based on a logistic regression model. SPSS 26.0 and R Studio 2022.12.0+353 3.6.3 were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: 89.6% (354/395) patients were identified with lipohypertrophy. In this study, 693 lipohypertrophy sites in lipohypertrophy patients and 91.5% (634/693) lipohypertrophy were distributed at the abdomen. Self-injection, duration of insulin injection, and incorrect rotation were selected as predictors to develop a lipohypertrophy diagnosed diagnostic nomogram model of lipohypertrophy in diabetic patients treated with insulin. The accuracy, calibration, and clinical applicability of the model are good; thus, it fits well. CONCLUSIONS: A nomogram including three easily available factors (self-injection, duration of insulin injection, and incorrect rotation) was developed, and it can be used in diabetes management among diabetes patients treated with insulin.

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