From screening to risk assessment: a comparative study on product usage, human burden, and potential neurotoxicity of novel paraben analogues
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Le résumé fourni par la source
• Non-targeted screening reveals that PhAc is a novel paraben structural analogue. • The content of PhAc in personal care products is much higher than parabens. • Children’s urinary PhAc exceeds parabens in South China populations. • PhAc burdens in children in South China show a gradual increase from 2016 to 2023. • Urinary-level PhAc induces metabolic dysregulation and apoptosis in neural cells. Parabens are extensively used preservatives with endocrine disrupting effects and neurotoxicity. Their restricted usage may drive the development of alternatives for producing preservative-free products. Nevertheless, the prevalence and health risks of paraben analogues remain poorly understood. Herein, we screened potential paraben analogues using high-resolution mass spectrometry and assessed their prevalence in personal care products (PCPs) and population exposure trends. We first identified p-hydroxyacetophenone (PhAc), a structural analogue of parabens, in children’s urine based on the common fragmentation characteristics of parabens. Quantitative analysis revealed that the average content of PhAc in PCPs was 2–38 times higher than that of typical parabens. Furthermore, the longitudinal biomonitoring study conducted from 2016 to 2023 revealed that the geometric mean levels of PhAc in the urine of children aged 5–13 years in South China increase from 35.20 μg/L to 102.68 μg/L, which is 1–3 orders of magnitude greater than parabens. Nevertheless, PhAc is not a permitted preservative in PCPs and its health risk is unclear. To investigate the potential neurotoxicity of extensively present PhAc, neuronal cells were exposed to different concentrations of PhAc and typical parabens for 24 h, respectively. The results indicated that PhAc exhibited greater potential neurotoxicity than methylparaben, the most widely used paraben. Even exposure to doses comparable to urinary PhAc concentrations (100 nM-1 μM) could significantly disrupt metabolism homeostasis, damage cell membranes and morphology, and increase apoptosis rate in neuronal cells. Therefore, PhAc, a new paraben analogue with wider product applications, higher human exposure, and greater potential neurotoxicity, may pose considerable ecological and human health risks.
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Le contrôle bibliographique ouvert
DOI retrouvé dans Crossref DOI retrouvé ; titre concordant.
- Titre Crossref
- From screening to risk assessment: a comparative study on product usage, human burden, and potential neurotoxicity of novel paraben analogues
- Date Crossref
- 01/10/2025
- Éditeur
- Elsevier BV
- Type
- journal-article
Ce recoupement confirme des métadonnées liées au DOI. Il ne confirme ni la méthode ni les conclusions de l’étude, et il ne compte pas comme une seconde source scientifique indépendante.
Où se fait cette recherche
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Ministry of Ecology and Environment pays non établi dans la noticeOrganisme public
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Inspection and Research Institute Guangzhou Quality Supervision pays non établi dans la noticeStructure de recherche
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Chinese Academy of Sciences pays non établi dans la noticeOrganisme public
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Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry pays non établi dans la noticeStructure de recherche
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South China Normal University pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment pays non établi dans la noticeStructure de recherche
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Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute pays non établi dans la noticeStructure de recherche
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State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry pays non établi dans la noticeStructure de recherche
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School of Life Sciences pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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School of Environmental Science and Engineering State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou Quality Supervision — Inspection and Research Institute et Chinese Academy of Sciences, avec 7 autres affiliations.
Une affiliation ne permet pas de déduire la nationalité d’un auteur.