Background and precancerous diseases of the vulva and vagina: modern concepts, diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation

Le résumé fourni par la source

The article is devoted to modern aspects of classification, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation of background and precancerous diseases of the vulva and vagina. Particular attention is paid to stratification of intraepithelial neoplasia by HPV status, the role of immunohistochemical markers (p16, p53) and molecular genetic characteristics in prognostic assessment. Current data on clinical manifestations and diagnostic approaches, including non-invasive methods, reflective confocal microscopy are presented. Modern therapeutic strategies are summarized with an analysis of the effectiveness of imiquimod, photodynamic therapy, CO2 laser and surgical interventions. Approaches to multidisciplinary rehabilitation are described, including the use of vaginal dilators, pelvic floor physiotherapy, psychosexual support and telemedicine technologies. The emphasis is on the need for an interdisciplinary and personalized approach to the management of this category of patients in order to improve the quality of life and prevent malignancy

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