Dietary strategies for irritable bowel syndrome: A narrative review of effectiveness, emerging dietary trends, and global variability

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Abstract Background Various dietary strategies have been proposed for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptom relief; yet, long-term studies and comparative trials remain limited. The literature reports inconsistent findings regarding the nutritional adequacy and global variability of dietary intake in IBS populations, highlighting the need for a broader understanding of how cultural and emerging dietary factors influence symptom expression. Objective This narrative review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of predominant dietary interventions for IBS, provide an overview of emerging dietary trends, and examine cultural differences in dietary patterns among IBS populations. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted across Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library, PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, and ScienceDirect for peer-reviewed, English-language articles published after 2000. Studies included clinical guidelines based on systematic reviews, analyses of dietary intakes in IBS populations adopting alternative dietary assessment methods, and reviews of dietary interventions. One hundred and ten studies were included following title, abstract, and full-text screening. Key findings Due to the heterogeneous nature of IBS, various dietary strategies are reported. Yet, it remains unclear which is superior, with the low-FODMAP diet being the most studied. Emerging dietary trends show promising potential, but current evidence is preliminary and requires long-term investigations. Internationally, dietary intake patterns vary, with some IBS populations meeting nutritional needs while others exhibit deficiencies, particularly in fibre, calcium, iron, and B vitamins. Conclusion Given the variability in IBS responses, tailored dietary management is essential. Furthermore, long-term, comparative, and cross-national studies are needed to address global nutritional gaps and inform standardised dietary guidelines for IBS.

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