Influence of the Co-infection of Other Pathogens on the Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Severe H1N1 Influenza Pneumonia

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Abstract Objective: To compare the clinical characteristics and prognostic outcomes of patients with severe H1N1 influenza pneumonia, with and without concurrent infections, while also identifying early warning indicators. Methodology: We included 47 patients diagnosed with severe H1N1 influenza pneumonia, extracted their data from the hospital records and analyzed it. Results: Patients were divided into single infection (n = 17) and co-infection groups (n = 30). The single-infection group exhibited higher proportions of patients with coronary heart disease and acute kidney injury incidence). The co-infection group had elevated Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores and more severe. Laboratory tests revealed significantly increased C-reactive protein levels and serum galactomannan tests in the co-infection group, with a notable reduction in the B lymphocyte ratio). The 28-day mortality rate was significantly higher in the co-infection group, with a prolonged duration of oxygen therapy. Conclusion: Co-infections with other respiratory pathogens are common in patients with severe H1N1 influenza pneumonia. Compared with single infections, co-infections lead to compromised immune function, extended periods of oxygen therapy, and increased mortality within 28 days. Thus, for patients with severe H1N1 influenza pneumonia, prompt comprehensive examination to confirm potential co-infections is imperative. Keywords: influenza A virus, severe pneumonia, co-infection

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