Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling of Colonic Mucosa in Individuals with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

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Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a complex disorder characterised by altered gut-brain interactions, with gastrointestinal microbiota and metabolic dysregulation playing key roles in its pathophysiology. Identifying specific metabolic alterations within the colonic mucosa may enhance our understanding of IBS and contribute to improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Methods: This cross-sectional study analysed the metabolomic profiles of colonic mucosal biopsies from 44 IBS patients assessed with ROME IV criteria and 69 healthy controls undergoing colonoscopy. Untargeted metabolomic profiling was conducted using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and differential metabolite analysis was performed via fold-change calculations and machine learning-based classification. Results: IBS patients exhibited distinct mucosal metabolic profiles, with significantly elevated levels of N-acetylneuraminic acid and 1-palmitoylglycerol, suggesting compromised epithelial integrity and increased gut permeability. In contrast, cis-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid, a metabolite associated with protective mucosal functions, was reduced. Random Forest analysis identified these metabolites as key discriminatory features between IBS and control groups, reinforcing their potential role as biomarkers for IBS-related mucosal alterations. Conclusions: Our study highlights the unique metabolomic signatures of IBS at the mucosal level, emphasising the role of microbial metabolites in disease pathology. These findings may facilitate the development of novel diagnostic tools and targeted therapeutic strategies, advancing personalised management for IBS patients.

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