The Inhibitory Effect of Duchesnea indica Extract on Mixed Granulocytic Asthma Due to Der p 38 by Inhibiting Neutrophil Apoptosis

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Objectives: Asthma is a prevalent chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by symptoms such as wheezing, breathlessness, and coughing.Duchesnea indica (DI) or false strawberry exhibits a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.This study aimed to determine whether DI extract exhibits antiinflammatory effects and reduces the infiltration of neutrophils and eosinophils on mixed granulocytic asthma induced by Der p 38. Methods: Cell culture, Western blotting, ELISA and asthma induction in mice were used for this study.Results: DI extract had no cytotoxic effects on human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells.DI extract inhibited the expressions of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) increased by Der p 38 and suppressed the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) associated with the secretion of inflammatory cytokines.Neutrophil apoptosis was delayed by Der p 38 and the delay was prevented by pretreatment with the DI extract.The pro-apoptotic effect due to the DI extract was associated with the activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3 and a decrease in the ratio of B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 protein (BCL-2)/BCL-2-associated protein X (BAX) expression.Also, the supernatant of the cells after treatment with Der p 38 alone resulted in suppression of neutrophil apoptosis and this was reversed by the DI extract co-treatment.In the Der p 38-induced asthma-like mice, DI administration blocked the infiltration of inflammatory cells, specifically neutrophils and eosinophils.Conclusion: These findings suggest that DI extract has an anti-inflammatory effect on mixed-granulocytic asthma after exposure to Der p 38 and could be useful as a therapeutic agent for the management of asthma.

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