Editorial: Methods in cardiovascular biologics and regenerative medicine

Le résumé fourni par la source

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality globally, accounting for 20.5 million deaths in 2021, which is approximately one-third of all deaths annually (1).Given the complexity and substantial economic burden posed by cardiovascular risk factors and diseases (2,3), it is imperative to develop innovative methodologies to improve treatment outcomes and deepen our understanding of cardiovascular pathophysiology. In response to this critical need, this Research Topic focuses on showcasing cutting-edge experimental techniques and methods in cardiovascular biologics and regenerative medicine. The primary objective of this collection is to highlight significant advances and novel approaches that are contributing to the growth of the field. These methodologies encompass a wide range of experimental strategies designed to address various aspects of cardiovascular health, from cellular and molecular mechanisms to tissue engineering and therapeutic interventions.In the realm of cardiac remuscularization, large animal models are indispensable for translational research (4). The methodological review by Yu et al. offers a comprehensive evaluation of these models, discussing their advantages, limitations, and applications in preclinical studies. These models are crucial for testing the efficacy and safety of new regenerative therapies before they can be applied in human clinical trials. By improving our understanding of these models, this review helps to bridge the gap between laboratory research and clinical application.The review by Alvino et al. on the isolation and long-term expansion of pericytes from human and animal tissues provides an overview of currently available methods for obtaining these critical cells and points out the challenges to create therapeutic pericyte products. Pericytes play a vital role in vascular biology. They are essential for maintaining vascular stability and function, making them a key target for regenerative therapies (5,6). This method enhances our ability to study pericytes in detail, paving the way for developing new treatments for vascular diseases and might offer a solution for the vascularization of engineered tissues. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have made significant strides with the development of decellularized vascular scaffolds enhanced with polyvinylidene fluoride and polycaprolactone reinforcement (7). The study by Klyshnikov et al. describes how this fused deposition modeling approach improves the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of vascular grafts, making them more suitable for clinical applications. This research aligns with the overarching goal of developing functional and durable vascular grafts for patients with cardiovascular diseases.Advancements in 3D-bioprinting technology have the potential to reform the field of cardiovascular research (8,9). Importantly, engineered 3D human heart models will reduce the need for animal experiments and might be more predictive. The article by Wolfe et al. on 3D-bioprinting of patient-derived cardiac tissue models highlights how this innovative technique can be used to create personalized cardiac tissues. These models are particularly useful for studying congenital heart disease, offering a platform for understanding disease mechanisms and testing therapeutic interventions in a patientspecific context. This approach aligns with the broader goal of personalized medicine, aiming to tailor treatments to individual patients' needs.Another approach to study cardiomyocytes in their environment and to reduce animal experiments and animal burden, is the use of living heart slices (10). A critical point hereby is to maintain heart tissue viability for studying heart physiology and disease mechanisms. This collection of articles underscores the innovative methods being developed and emphasizes the collaborative effort required to tackle cardiovascular challenges. The integration of diverse techniques-from pericyte isolation and the use of living heart slices to advanced tissue engineering including 3D-bioprinting of cardiac tissues to the use of large animal models-demonstrates a multifaceted approach essential for driving progress in cardiovascular research. These methodologies, poised to significantly impact future therapeutic strategies, include personalized cardiac tissue models for patientspecific treatments and advanced vascular grafts for clinical applications. As we continue to explore and refine these methodologies, the contributions in this Research Topic will undoubtedly pave the way for future advances in cardiovascular biologics and regenerative medicine, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing the global burden of cardiovascular disease.

Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.