Anthropogenic gadolinium in the Tone River (Japan): an update showing a 7.7-fold increase from 1996 to 2020
Rattachement africain : gb, jp, id. Niveau de preuve : code pays fourni par la source.
Le résumé fourni par la source
BACKGROUND: Anthropogenic gadolinium (Gd), originating from Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs) used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is widely identified in the aquatic environment with concerns about toxicity and accumulation. We aimed to present new data on anthropogenic Gd in the Tone River, which has the largest drainage area in Japan, and then to compare the current data with those obtained in 1996. METHODS: The water samples were collected on August 9-10, 2020, at 15 different locations of the Tone River in Japan. The concentrations of the rare earth elements (REEs) were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and normalized to Post-Archean Australian Shale to construct shale-normalized REE patterns. The degree of Gd-anomaly was defined as the percentage of anthropogenic Gd to the geogenic background and used to compare the water samples from different locations. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated. RESULTS: All the samples displayed positive Gd anomalies. The Gd-anomaly ranged from 121 to 6,545% and displayed a repeating decrease-and-increase trend. The Gd-anomaly showed strong positive correlations to the number of hospitals (r = 0.88; p < 0.001) and their MRI units (r = 0.89; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed notable anomalies of Gd concentrations in river water in Japan, with strong positive correlations to the number of major hospitals and their MRI units. Compared with the previous report in 2000, the Gd-anomaly in Tone River increased from 851% (sampled in 1996) to 6,545%, i.e., 7.7 times, reflecting the increased use of GBCAs in hospitals. RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Notable Gd concentration anomalies in river water in Japan were observed. This result underlines the importance of more extensive research on anthropogenic gadolinium, and investigations of risks to human health as well as the development of effective removal technologies may be necessary. KEY POINTS: • All water samples from Tone River displayed positive Gd anomalies. • The Gd anomalies increased to 7.7 times higher over the past 24 years. • Correlations between Gd values and the number of hospitals and MRI units were observed.
Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.
Le contrôle bibliographique ouvert
DOI retrouvé dans Crossref DOI retrouvé ; titre concordant.
- Titre Crossref
- Anthropogenic gadolinium in the Tone River (Japan): an update showing a 7.7-fold increase from 1996 to 2020
- Date Crossref
- 24/05/2024
- Éditeur
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC
- Type
- journal-article
Ce recoupement confirme des métadonnées liées au DOI. Il ne confirme ni la méthode ni les conclusions de l’étude, et il ne compte pas comme une seconde source scientifique indépendante.
Où se fait cette recherche
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University of Nottingham pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Gunma University Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Padjadjaran University pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Koshien University Department of Nutrition pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Takara (Japan) pays non établi dans la noticeEntreprise
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School of Medicine Radiological Sciences pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Jatinangor Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging pays non établi dans la noticeOrganisation à but non lucratif
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Gunma Rehabilitation Hospital Division of Internal Medicine pays non établi dans la noticeÉtablissement de santé
University of Nottingham, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine — Gunma University et Padjadjaran University, avec 5 autres affiliations.
Une affiliation ne permet pas de déduire la nationalité d’un auteur.