Changes in thyroid hormone concentrations over time in dogs with autoimmune thyroiditis

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to follow long-term changes in the concentration of thyroid hormones in dogs with subclinical thyroiditis. SAMPLES: Samples were obtained from 125 dogs with subclinical thyroiditis. The study population included 70 female and 55 male dogs. The mean testing interval was 3.9 years from initial testing (SD, 2.3 years; range, 1 to 9 years). METHODS: Dogs with subclinical thyroiditis were identified retrospectively using results from the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals Canine Thyroid Profile performed by the Endocrinology Section of the Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Lab. Owners were invited to submit follow-up serum samples with their veterinarian along with a medical history form, including subsequent treatments. RESULTS: At the time of retesting, 30% of the dogs had progressed to hypothyroidism and/or were treated with thyroxine. Fifty percent maintained positive or equivocal thyroglobulin autoantibody (TgAA) results while remaining euthyroid. Fourteen percent of the dogs became TgAA negative and remained euthyroid. In 6% of the cases tested, proper medical histories were not available, and a final classification could not be determined. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results indicate that most dogs with elevated thyroglobulin autoantibodies either exhibit persistent autoimmune thyroiditis with continued risk of hypothyroidism or progress to hypothyroidism when monitored for more than 1 year. Thyroid function in dogs with subclinical thyroiditis should be monitored every 12 months or if there is change in the clinical presentation.

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