CREBA and CREBB in two identified neurons gate long-term memory formation in Drosophila

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Significance Most animals record only labile memories of single events, whereas the formation of persistent long-term memories (LTMs) usually requires recurrent experiences. Our study distinguishes these different memory types through a deconvolution of molecular/biochemical processes within specific neurons of an identified memory circuit. A training-responsive gene activator, CREBA, engages paired DAL neurons in this circuit by promoting protein synthesis–dependent LTMs, which can otherwise be antagonized by CREBB repressor proteins. Increased CREBA expression or elevated membrane excitability enhances LTMs even after only one training cycle. These findings exemplify a circuit gating mechanism via cellular changes in specific single neurons to distinguish one-time experiences from multiple sessions of learning for storage as persistent memory.

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