Gut microbiota link dietary fiber intake and short-chain fatty acid metabolism with eating behaviour

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Abstract Background The gut microbiome modulates human brain function and eating behavior through multiple factors, including short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) signaling. We aimed to explore which bacterial genera relate to eating behavior, diet and SCFA metabolites in overweight adults. In addition, we tested whether eating-related microbiota relate to treatment success in patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Methods Anthropometrics, dietary fibre intake, eating behaviour, 16S-rRNA-derived microbiota and SCFA measured in feces and blood were correlated in young overweight adults (n=27 (9F), 21-36 years, BMI 25-31 kg/m2). Correlated genera were compared in RYGB (n=23 (16F), 41-70 years, BMI 25-62 kg/m2) and in control patients (n=17 (11F), 26-69 years, BMI 25-48 kg/m2). Results In young adults, 7 bacteria genera, i.e. Alistipes, Blautia, Clostridiales cluster XVIII, Gemmiger, Roseburia, Ruminococcus and Streptococcus, correlated with healthier eating behavior, while 5 genera, i.e. Clostridiales cluster IV and XIVb, Collinsella, Fusicatenibacter and Parabacteroides, correlated with unhealthier eating (all |r| > 0.4, FDR-corrected p < 0.05). Some of these genera including Parabacteroides related to fiber intake and SCFA metabolites, and to weight status and treatment response in overweight/obese patients. Conclusions Specific bacterial genera, particularly Parabacteroides, were associated with weight status and eating behavior in two independent well-characterized cross-sectional samples. These exploratory findings indicate two groups of presumably beneficial and unfavourable genera that relate to eating behaviour and weight status, and indicate that dietary fiber and SCFA metabolism may modify these relationships.

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