Retinal Neuroprotective Effect of Sirtuins

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In this paper, we review current knowledge about the retinal neuroprotective effect of sirtuins. The sirtuins are highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone deacetylases that are involved in mammalian diseases of aging. The human genome encodes seven different sirtuins (SIRT1-7). SIRT1 is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cells making up all normal ocular structures, including the retina. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a typical age-related condition due to the lifelong accumulation of molecular damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). SIRT1 can decrease ROS levels and promotes cell survival under oxidative stress. Upregulation of SIRT1 has a protective effect against retinal degeneration in animal models. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic SIRT1 activator that has been shown to increase the lifespan and to protect various organs against aging, including oxidative stress-induced retinal damage. Anti-aging therapy with resveratrol could be an attractive treatment option for age-related macular degeneration.

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