Bottom–up and top–down drivers influence urbanization effects on insect herbivory in oaks
Gabriela Quiroga, Carla Vázquez-González, Víctor M. Rodríguez, Beatriz Lago-Núñez et autres
Urban forests provide essential ecosystem services, including pest control, biodiversity conservation, and human health benefits. Herbivory is a widespread biotic interaction that shapes ecosystem functions, such as primary productivity and soil fertility, which underpin these services. Urbanization can disrupt plant–herbivore interactions by …