Gregory C. Johnson

Observed Multi‐Decadal Acceleration of Globally Averaged Abyssal Ocean Warming

Gregory C. Johnson

Abstract Given sparse historical data in the deep and abyssal ocean, previously only multi‐decadal temperature trends have been estimated from observations there on a global scale. Full‐depth CTD sampling started circa 1970, with the first decadal global ship‐based survey occupied in the …

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Thank You to Our 2025 Peer Reviewers

Kristopher B. Karnauskas, Anantha Aiyyer, Suzana J. Camargo, Fabio A. Capitanio et autres

Key Points The editors thank the 2025 peer reviewers

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Upper Circumpolar Deep Water Properties: Means and Trends From 2005 Through 2024

Gregory C. Johnson

Abstract Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) is carbon‐rich, oxygen‐poor, nutrient‐rich, and relatively warm and salty compared to waters above and below it. Where it is entrained into the surface mixed layer or impinges on the Antarctic Continental Shelf, it can outgas carbon, …

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Antarctic Bottom Water in a changing climate

Stephen R. Rintoul, Andrew L. Stewart, Gregory C. Johnson, Shenjie Zhou et autres

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Progressive Oxygenation of the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre

Jannes Koelling, Andrea J. Fassbender, Alison R. Gray, Gregory C. Johnson et autres

Abstract The subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA) is one of the few regions where the deep ocean is in direct contact with the atmosphere, making it a key location for interior ocean ventilation through gas exchange. We use a novel observation‐based data product …

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A plume of volcanic 3He observed in the Shallow North Pacific

W. J. Jenkins, Terrence M. Joyce, Gregory C. Johnson, Dennis A. Hansell

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Deep Argo Observations of Buoyancy Redistribution in the Atlantic Overturning

Damien Desbruyères, Herlé Mercier, Gregory C. Johnson, Virginie Thierry et autres

Abstract The steady‐state buoyancy budget of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) balances water mass transformation with meridional export. Using historical ocean data, Deep Argo observations, and atmospheric reanalysis, we assess the residual of this balance—water mass volume trends—and its role in …

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Global Oceans

Gregory C. Johnson, Rick Lumpkin, B. D. Beckley, Ashley Bellas-Manley et autres

El Niño ebbed in early 2024, reaching neutral status in May and crossing the threshold into La Niña conditions in December. The global average annual sea surface temperature was 0.06°C above the previous record set in 2023. Marine heatwaves in 2024 were, …

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Introduction

Jessica Blunden, James Reagan, Robert Dunn, Melanie Ades et autres

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Advancing ocean monitoring and knowledge for societal benefit: the urgency to expand Argo to OneArgo by 2030

Virginie Thierry, Hervé Claustre, Orens Pasqueron de Fommervault, Nathalie Zilberman et autres

The ocean plays an essential role in regulating Earth’s climate, influencing weather conditions, providing sustenance for large populations, moderating anthropogenic climate change, encompassing massive biodiversity, and sustaining the global economy. Human activities are changing the oceans, stressing ocean health, threatening the critical …

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Simulating Argo float trajectories and along-track physical and biogeochemical variability in the California Current System

Xiao Liu, John P. Dunne, Elizabeth J. Drenkard, Gregory C. Johnson

Trajectories of >1,600 virtual Argo profiling floats and their sampled variability in key ocean physical and biogeochemical variables are simulated using a 0.125° global ocean physical-biogeochemical model (NOAA GFDL’s MOM6-SIS2-COBALTv2) and an offline Lagrangian particle tracking algorithm. Virtual floats are deployed at …

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Buoyancy redistribution within the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation revealed by Deep Argo

Damien Desbruyères, Herlé Mercier, Gregory C. Johnson, Virginie Thierry et autres

The steady-state buoyancy budget underpinning the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) implies a balance between the surface-forced and mixing-driven transformation of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and its meridional export. Here, we employ a climatology of ocean temperature and salinity data, a …

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