Stephen J. Martin

Darwin’s solution: Honeybees survive mite vectors and viruses through natural selection

Peter Neumann, Alexis Beaurepaire, Maria Bouga, Robert Brodschneider et autres

Complex host-vector-virus interfaces can impose serious health challenges. Western honeybees have experienced high colony losses globally, mainly driven by the host-shifted, virus-vectoring ectoparasitic mites Varroa destructor and Tropilaelaps mercedesae. Host populations can survive mite infestations through natural selection, offering a long-term strategy …

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Viruses Infecting Cuban Honey Bees and Evolution of Deformed-Wing-Virus Variants

Poppy Hesketh-Best, Anais Rodríguez Luis, Declan C. Schroeder, Stephen J. Martin

Cuba is in a unique situation in which it has a large (220,000 managed colonies) and isolated honey bee population due to a 60+ year ban on the importation of bees. Despite this, the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor arrived in 1996, and …

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A Robust PLL Technique for Grid Synchronization Under DC Offset and Harmonics

Shuvra Prokash Biswas, Md. Rabiul Islam, Arindam Ghosh, Stephen J. Martin et autres

This paper introduces a hybrid PLL framework for synchronizing with three-phase grids, designed to suppress the adverse effects of DC offsets and voltage harmonics. The proposed PLL integrates a third order generalized integrator (TOGI) based quadrature signal generator (QSG) with a harmonic …

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Modification of Vegetation Structure and Composition to Reduce Wildfire Risk on a High Voltage Transmission Line

Tom Lewis, Stephen J. Martin

The Mapleton Falls National Park transmission line corridor in Queensland, Australia, has received a number of vegetation management treatments over the last decade to maintain and protect the infrastructure and to ensure continuous electricity supply. Recent treatments have included ‘mega-mulching’ (mechanical mastication …

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Different Viewpoints on Honey Bee Breeding and Conservation

Cecília Costa, Norman Carreck, Ralph Büchler, Marina D. Meixner et autres

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Cross-species transmission of human hepatitis B virus to wild Neotropical primates

Jean P. Boubli, Hani R. El Bizri, Luan Felipo Botelho Souza, Chrysoula Gubili et autres

Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects approximately one-third of the world’s human population and kills over one million people each year. HBV is also prevalent in Old World apes but not in New World primates. Human-to-primate transmission of HBV was suspected in …

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Correction to: Resistance to Varroa destructor is a trait mainly transmitted by the queen and not via worker learning

Stephen J. Martin, Isobel Grindrod, Georgiana Webb, Rhona Toft et autres

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Resistance to Varroa destructor is a trait mainly transmitted by the queen and not via worker learning

Stephen J. Martin, Isobel Grindrod, Georgiana Webb, Rhona Toft et autres

Abstract How beekeepers can propagate theVarroa-resistant traits they have in their colonies depends on how varroa resistance, i.e. the key hygienic behavioural traits, is passed onto the next generation. This study investigates if the key hygienic traits are passed between workers via …

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Population-level effect of cholera vaccine on displaced populations, South Sudan, 2014

Justin Lessler, Iza Ciglenečki, Francisco J. Luquero, Andrew S. Azman et autres

Following mass population displacements in South Sudan, preventive cholera vaccination campaigns were conducted in displaced persons camps before a 2014 cholera outbreak. We compare cholera transmission in vaccinated and unvaccinated areas and show vaccination likely halted transmission within vaccinated areas, illustrating the …

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The First Use of the Global Oral Cholera Vaccine Emergency Stockpile: Lessons from South Sudan

John Rumunu, Abdinasir Abubakar, David A. Sack, Trina Helderman et autres

In December 2013, violence erupted in South Sudan’s capital, Juba, and quickly spread throughout the country. The crisis exacerbated an already dire humanitarian situation in the youngest and one of the poorest countries in the world, where 40% of the population had …

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Seasonal Variability in the Prevalence of DWV Strains in Individual Colonies of European Honeybees in Hawaii

Zhening Zhang, Ethel M. Villalobos, Scott Nikaido, Stephen J. Martin

The most prevalent viral pathogen of honeybees is Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) and its two most widely studied and common master-variants are DWV-A and DWV-B. The prevalence of DWV variants in the UK and in the US is changing, with the prevalence …

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The many ways to delimit species: hairs, genes and surface chemistry

Perttu Seppä, Heikki Helanterä, Kalevi Trontti, Pekka Punttila et autres

Species identification forms the basis for understanding the diversity of the living world, but it is also a prerequisite for understanding many evolutionary patterns and processes. The most promising approach for correctly delimiting and identifying species is to integrate many types of …