Eitaro Wada

Correction: Gleaning of δ15N in ecosystems and its animal-organ isotope data: perspectives for the construction of the isotopically ordered world

Eitaro Wada, Yoshihisa Kudo, Hiroshi Mizutani, Hiroshi Minami et autres

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Gleaning of δ15N in ecosystems and its animal-organ isotope data: perspectives for the construction of the isotopically ordered world

Eitaro Wada, Yoshihisa Kudo, Hiroshi Mizutani, Hiroshi Minami et autres

Abstract To date, empirical relationships have been observed for the distributions and variations of stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios (δ 15 N and δ 13 C, respectively) in ecosystems as well as in living organisms. Here, we investigated δ 15 N …

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Carbon isotopic signature reveals the geographical trend in methane consumption and production pathways in alpine ecosystems over the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Tomomichi Kato, Keita Yamada, Yanhong Tang, Naohiro Yoshida et autres

On the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, isotopic signatures in soil–atmosphere CH4 fluxes were investigated in nine grasslands and three wetlands. In the grasslands, the fractionation factor for soil CH4 uptake, αsoil, was much smaller than the usually reported value of 0.9975–1.0095. Stepwise multiple variation …

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Directional Transport of a Bead Bound to Lamellipodial Surface Is Driven by Actin Polymerization

Daisuke Nobezawa, Sho-ichi Ikeda, Eitaro Wada, Takashi Nagano et autres

The force driving the retrograde flow of actin cytoskeleton is important in the cellular activities involving cell movement (e.g., growth cone motility in axon guidance, wound healing, or cancer metastasis). However, relative importance of the forces generated by actin polymerization and myosin …

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A New Aspect on Food Chain Analyses Using N/C Isotope Ratios —Current Perspectives—

Eitaro Wada, Maki Noguchi Aita

我が国で著しい進展のあったδ15N, δ13Cを用いた窒素・炭素安定同位体精密測定法（SI法）による食物網解析法の進捗についてまとめた。特に，食物連鎖に見出された，窒素・炭素同位体効果に関する二つの経験則に注目し，近年のアミノ酸レベルのδ15Nに関する成果を考慮に入れて，その成立の境界条件を考察した。経験則1：栄養段階（TL）が1段階上がるごとに3.4±1.1‰高くなる事が過去の研究で示されている。この経験則は動物の筋肉タンパクについて得られているが，±1.1‰の変動について本稿で考察した。経験則2：海洋と陸域の代表的な食物連鎖について，窒素・炭素同位体効果の比（Δδ15N/Δδ13C）が動物の種類に関わらず，ほぼ一定であることが示唆されている。一般的に，食物連鎖に沿ってδ15Nはδ13Cと統計的に有意な回帰直線の関係を示す。この関係の成り立ちの可能性について代謝系の共通性から考察した。

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Biochemical and physiological bases for the use of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in environmental and ecological studies

Naohiko Ohkouchi, Nanako O. Ogawa, Yoshito Chikaraishi, Hiroyuki Tanaka et autres

We review the biochemical and physiological bases of the use of carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions as an approach for environmental and ecological studies. Biochemical processes commonly observed in the biosphere, including the decarboxylation and deamination of amino acids, are the key …

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A metabolic model of stable isotope dynamics

Reiichiro Ishii, Maki A. Noguchi, Eitaro Wada

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炭素・窒素安定同位体比から見える自然界の食物連鎖 : その普遍性と持続性

Eitaro Wada, Maki A. Noguchi, Reiichiro Ishii

The trophic fractionation of carbon and nitrogen isotopes (Δδ13C, Δδ15N) has been examined for food chains in marine and terrestrial environments. The following two features were elucidated: 1. for each ecosystem, the ratios of trophic fractionation of Δδ15N / Δδ13C throughout the …

安定同位体による新食物網解析法

Hiroya Sugisaki, Masashi Kodama, Tadafumi Ichikawa, Keiko Yamada et autres

Though the isotope analysis method for marine and fishery science is spreading recently, there are serious obstacles for the analysis of food chain structures due to the difficulty of measuring the stable isotope ratio of the primary producer. In this paper, a …

Stable carbon isotopic evidence of methane consumption and production in three alpine ecosystems on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Tomomichi Kato, Keita Yamada, Yanhong Tang, Naohiro Yoshida et autres

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Isotopomer and isotopologue signatures of N 2 O produced in alpine ecosystems on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Tomomichi Kato, Sakae Toyoda, Naohiro Yoshida, Yanhong Tang et autres

RATIONALE: Static-chamber flux measurements have suggested that one of the world's largest grasslands, the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), is a potential source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a major greenhouse gas. However, production and consumption pathways of N2O have not been identified by in …

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Possible ideas on carbon and nitrogen trophic fractionation of food chains: a new aspect of food‐chain stable isotope analysis in Lake Biwa, Lake Baikal, and the Mongolian grasslands

Eitaro Wada, Reiichiro Ishii, Maki Noguchi Aita, Nanako O. Ogawa et autres

Abstract Trophic fractionation of carbon and nitrogen isotopes (Δδ 13 C, Δδ 15 N) was examined using previously complied databases for food chains in Lake Biwa, Lake Baikal, and Mongolian grassland. The following two features were clarified: (1) For each ecosystem, the …

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