Cesar A. Corzo

Real-time forecasting of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 genetic variant expansion in the field

Nakarin Pamornchainavakul, Mariana Kikuti, Cesar A. Corzo, Kimberly L. VanderWaal

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) remains endemic and epidemic in the U.S., driven mainly by the expanding genetic diversity of PRRSV-2. A recently established ORF5-based classification system groups viruses into genetic variants to improve disease tracking. Anticipating which variants are most …

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Descriptive and risk analysis of vehicle movements linked to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and porcine epidemic diarrhea transmission in U.S. commercial swine farms

Jason Galvis, Taylor B. Parker, Cesar A. Corzo, Juliana B. Ferreira et autres

Vehicle movements, including cabs and trailers, play a role in the spread of swine diseases. However, significant information gaps remain regarding vehicle movement patterns and their role in disease transmission, which, if uncovered, could improve preventive strategies. In this study, we described …

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Litter-Level Agreement of RT-qPCR Results for Influenza A Virus Between Oropharyngeal Swab, Udder Wipe, and Nasal Wipe Samples Collected in Chilean Swine Breeding Herds

Juan Manuel Sanhueza, Nicolás Rodríguez, D. Tapia-Escárate, Christopher Hamilton‐West et autres

This study evaluated the use of udder wipes and aggregated nasal wipes as group sampling methods to detect influenza A virus (IAV) in swine breeding herds. Five breeding herds were selected and sampled from 2022 to 2024. At each sampling, six pigs …

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An Exploratory Pilot Study to Investigate the Potential Relationship Between Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) Virus Viremia Changes and Barn Manure Pit Management Procedures

Claudio Marcello Melini, Mariana Kikuti, Xiaomei Yue, Cesar A. Corzo

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-positive pigs can be exposed to high concentration of gases, such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide when manure and urine stored in the pits beneath them is agitated and pumped. Such acute exposure can lead to …

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United States poultry flocks remain unvaccinated against H5 influenza—but why?

Michelle Kromm, Catherine Alexander, Peter J. Bonney, Cesar A. Corzo et autres

Vaccination is commonly used to minimize disease impacts on birds and promote sustainable poultry production. Vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) differs because HPAI is classified as a foreign animal disease in the US and disease control falls under federal jurisdiction. …

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Phylogenetic Lineages of PRRSV-2 from Canada Reveal Patterns of Transboundary Spread and Two Novel Sub-Lineages in North America

João P. Herrera da Silva, Igor A. D. Paploski, Robert Charette, Luc Dufresne et autres

PRRSV-2 represents a major threat to the swine industry. Canada is one of the world's leading pork producers and a major trading partner of live pigs with the United States, yet PRRSV-2 evolutionary dynamics in these two countries are often studied independently, …

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Timing the regional spread of PRRSV-2 variants across the United States

João Paulo Herrera da Silva, Igor A. D. Paploski, Mariana Kikuti, Nakarin Pamornchainavakul et autres

Abstract Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 (PRRSV-2) represents a major threat to the global swine industry. The epidemiological dynamics of PRRSV-2 are characterized by the recurrent annual emergence of dozens of variants. Long-distance spread of PRRSV-2 is largely driven by …

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Understanding trailer contamination and recontamination dynamics at US swine harvest plants

L. Ferreira, M. Schwartz, M. Culhane, Cesar A. Corzo

Descriptive and risk analysis of vehicle movements linked to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and porcine epidemic diarrhea transmission in US commercial swine farms

Jason Galvis, Taylor B. Parker, Cesar A. Corzo, Juliana B. Ferreira et autres

Vehicle movements, including vehicle cabs and trailers, play a role in disseminating disease in swine production. However, there are many information gaps about vehicle movements patterns that increase the probability of disease transmission, which is crucial in developing better preventive strategies. In …

Cardiac puncture blood collection as a practical and biosecure method for post-mortem pathogen detection in pigs

Claudio Marcello Melini, Mariana Kikuti, Xiaomei Yue, Cesar A. Corzo

Live pig specimen collection can be time-consuming as it may require physical restraining. Non-invasive methods for live animals that don't involve blood spillage are available but some may present limitations of application or pathogen detection. Alternative methods focused on the mortality are …

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Phylogenetic Lineages of PRRSV-2 from Canada Reveal Patterns of Transboundary Spread and Two Novel Sub-Lineages in North America

Joao P. H. da Silva, Igor A. D. Paploski, Robert Charette, Luc Dufresne et autres

PRRSV-2 represents a major threat to the swine industry. Canada is one of the world’s leading pork producers and a major trading partner of live pigs with the United States, yet PRRSV-2 evolutionary dynamics in these two countries are often studied independently, …

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Less Invasive Sampling Methods for PRRSV Detection in Swine: Dry Blood Spots, Oral Swabs, and Tonsil Oral Scrubbing in Intentionally Exposed Gilts

Mariana Kikuti, Claudio Marcello Melini, Xiaomei Yue, Amanda Wzorek et autres

Serum collection from swine is invasive and labor‐intensive, which limits its practicality for disease surveillance and highlights the need for less invasive and cost‐effective alternatives. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity of blood‐soaked filter papers (dry blood spots [DBS]), blood‐soaked swabs, …

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