Gabriela Goujgoulova

Wesselsbron Virus as a Surveillance-Sensitive One Health Pathogen: Evidence Strength, Diagnostic Under-Detection, and Integrated Risk Assessment

Koycho Koev, Gabriela Goujgoulova

Wesselsbron disease remains an underrecognized mosquito-borne flaviviral disease despite long-standing evidence of ruminant reproductive loss, neonatal disease, hepatic pathology, zoonotic infection, and mosquito-associated circulation. This narrative review critically synthesizes verified evidence on Wesselsbron virus (WSLV) at the animal–human–vector–environment interface, with the specific …

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Molecular Characterization of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Viruses Circulating in Bulgaria During 2024–2025: Evidence for Hidden Circulation and Zoonotic Risk Markers

Gabriela Goujgoulova, Georgi Stoimenov, K. Koev

The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus HPAI A(H5N1) genotype AF was detected in southern Europe during the 2021/2022 season and spread widely. It emerged in Bulgaria in 2022/2023, mainly affecting mallard ducks. The DA genotype of the virus was detected in a …

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Risk Assessment of Spread of the Influenza A Virus in Cows in South Bulgaria

Gabriela Goujgoulova, Koycho Koev

In this article, we present an assessment of the risk of the potential introduction and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in cows in Bulgaria. In the spring of 2024, we witnessed an unprecedented spread of the virus in dairy herds …

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Spread of Q fever in Bulgaria and risk assessment for animal health and public health in 2023

Madlen Vasileva, Gabriela Goujgoulova, Koycho Koev

Q fever, first described among slaughterhouse staff in Australia in 1937, is now recognized as an endemic disease throughout the world, except New Zealand. Since this first description, knowledge of this pathogen and its associated infections has increased dramatically. From the public …

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Available vaccines, antigenic distance, and analysis of Bulgarian viruses in the light of possible vaccination

Gabriela Goujgoulova, Koycho Koev

Avian influenza is still of a big concern for poultry production. The last year many European countries considered some strategies for vaccination. France was the first country in Europa who started vaccination program since the autumn of 2023. The aim of this …

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Analysis of the genotypes of Influenza A H5N1 in Bulgaria 2021-2023

Gabriela Goujgoulova, Krasimira Zaharieva

Circulating HPAI virus H5N1 can be traced back to the original A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 strain. During the epidemiological years 2022 and 2023, a remarkable number of HPAI H5N1 virus isolates were detected and reported in a diverse range of hosts, including wild and domestic …

ANALYSIS OF THE GENOTYPES OF INFLUENZA A H5N1 IN BULGARIA 2021-2023

Gabriela Goujgoulova, Krasimira Zaharieva

Circulating HPAI virus H5N1 can be traced back to the original A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 strain. During the epidemiological years 2022 and 2023, a remarkable number of HPAI H5N1 virus isolates were detected and reported in a diverse range of hosts, including wild and domestic …

Newcastle Disease - overview and analysis of the current spread of the disease in Bulgaria and Europe

Gabriela Goujgoulova

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious and severe worldwide disease affecting birds. The infection is a mild zoonosis and can cause conjunctivitis in humans, but the condition is usually mild and self-limiting. ND is caused by virulent strains of avian paramyxovirus …

AVIAN AVULAVIRUS 1 OUTBREAKS IN BULGARIA DURING 2016 AND 2017

Gabriela Goujgoulova, Georgi Stoimenov

Newcastle disease is one of the most important and highly contagious disease for poultry. The causative agent Avian avulavirus 1 belongs to genus Avulavirus, Family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales. There are two evolutionary related groups AAvV-1 – class I and class II. The …

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Development and Optimization of Indirect ELISAs for the Detection of Anti-Capripoxvirus Antibodies in Cattle, Sheep, and Goat Sera

Francisco J. Berguido, Esayas Gelaye, Yang Liu, Batdorj Davaasuren et autres

Sheeppox (SPP), goatpox (GTP), and lumpy skin disease (LSD) are economically significant pox diseases of ruminants, caused by sheeppox virus (SPPV), goatpox virus (GTPV), and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), respectively. SPPV and GTPV can infect both sheep and goats, while LSDV …

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DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE FOR DETECTION OF HPAI H5N8-BULGARIAN EXPERIENCE DURING THE EPIZOOTIC WAVE IN 2016/2017

Gabriela Goujgoulova, Georgi Stoimenov

In the 4 months spanning the 2016/2017 winter (October – January), HPAI H5N8 was the predominant serotype throughout European countries. Bulgaria, an important geographical location for migratory birds crossing Europe through the two major migratory flyways for Africa, was heavily affected with …

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Evolutionary Dynamics of H5 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses (Clade 2.3.4.4B) Circulating in Bulgaria in 2019–2021

Bianca Zecchin, Gabriela Goujgoulova, Isabella Monne, Annalisa Salviato et autres

The first detection of a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus in Bulgaria dates back to December 2016. Since then, many outbreaks caused by HPAI H5 viruses from clade 2.3.4.4B have been reported in both domestic and wild birds in different …

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