Guus F. Rimmelzwaan

iPSC-based macrophage models reveal interferon-dependent control of RSV permissiveness and syncytia formation

Ayse Agac, Debora Queiros, Eirini Nikolouli, Marie-Christin Knittler et autres

immune responses has hampered progress in this field. Here, we present iPSC-derived macrophages (iMacs) as a promising model for the analysis of tissue-resident macrophage responses during RSV infection. Using monocyte-derived macrophages as a comparison, we show that iMacs are less susceptible to …

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Roles of the Chemokine Receptor CX3CR1 in the Pathogenesis of RSV Infections

Robert Meineke, Martin Ludlow, Albert Osterhaus, Guus F. Rimmelzwaan

CX3CR1 is a chemokine receptor expressed on respiratory epithelial and immune cells and has been identified as a host factor important for infections with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In this review, we discuss the roles CX3CR1 plays in the pathogenesis of RSV …

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Induction of a Th1-Type Polyfunctional T-Cell Response by the Four-segmented Rift Valley Fever Candidate Vaccine in Humans

Amare Aregay, Julia Friese, Sharon Porrez, Isabel Leroux-Roels et autres

BACKGROUND: Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne virus that affects livestock and humans. The 4-segmented live-attenuated human vaccine candidate hRVFV-4s has shown a strong safety profile and excellent tolerability in healthy adults during a first-in-human clinical trial, while also eliciting …

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STAT1 signaling controls cholesterol metabolism in epithelial cells and RSV-induced syncytia formation

Ayse Agac, Martin Ludlow, Marie-Christin Knittler, Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus et autres

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory tract infections, leading to significant morbidity, hospitalizations, and mortality among high-risk populations. Despite the recent advent of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, options to treat RSV infections are limited. Detailed understanding at the …

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Efficient Sensing of a 4-Segmented Rift Valley Fever Virus Vaccine Candidate by Human Monocytes

Niranjana Nair, Julia Friese, Paul J. Wichgers Schreur, Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus et autres

The live-attenuated RVFV-4s vaccine against Rift Valley fever has demonstrated safety and efficacy across multiple animal models and in a phase 1 clinical trial. In this study, we examined its impact on innate immune responses and found that RVFV-4s enhances the expression …

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The soluble G protein of respiratory syncytial virus promotes viral dissemination via TLR2-mediated NLRP3 priming and pyroptosis

Robert Meineke, Ayse Agac, Marie-Christin Knittler, Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus et autres

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants, immunocompromised individuals, and older adults. Although vaccines and monoclonal antibodies have recently become available, understanding RSV pathogenesis remains essential for next-generation therapeutic strategies. RSV attachment glycoprotein G mediates virus binding …

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Differential innate immune activation by wild-type and NSs-deficient RVFV strains in human blood monocytes

Niranjana Nair, Julia Friese, Paul J. Wichgers Schreur, Albert Osterhaus et autres

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a Phlebovirus causing febrile and haemorrhagic illness in ruminants and humans. The viral protein NSs is a major virulence factor that suppresses the IFN-β response in various hosts. Hence, RVFV variants lacking functional NSs, such as …

Differential innate immune activation by wild-type and NSs-deficient RVFV strains in human blood monocytes

Niranjana Nair, Julia Friese, Paul J. Wichgers Schreur, Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus et autres

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a Phlebovirus causing febrile and haemorrhagic illness in ruminants and humans. The viral protein NSs is a major virulence factor that suppresses the IFN-β response in various hosts. Hence RVFV variants lacking functional NSs such as …

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A contemporary strain of RSV activates primary human monocytes after abortive infection

Ayse Agac, Martin Ludlow, Marie-Christin Knittler, Chittappen Kandiyil Prajeeth et autres

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections worldwide, particularly affecting infants, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. Understanding the cellular immune response to RSV infection is essential for developing effective treatments for infection and its complications. In …

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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus A/H5N1 Subclade 2.3.4.4b Isolated from a European Grey Seal ( Halichoerus grypus ) Is Highly Virulent in Ferrets

Kate Guilfoyle, Monica Mirolo, Leon de Waal, Geert van Amerongen et autres

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses subtype H5N1 (HPAIV H5N1), subclade 2.3.4.4b infect multiple avian and mammalian species, posing a potential pandemic risk. Here we describe the outcomes of infection of ferrets with an HPAIV H5N1 virus, isolated from a European grey …

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Europe needs a sustainably funded influenza research and response network

Florian Krammer, Wendy S Barclay, Martin Beer, Ian H Brown et autres

Design and evaluation of a poly-epitope based vaccine for the induction of influenza A virus cross-reactive CD8 + T cell responses

Sharmistha Dam, Alina Tscherne, Gerd Sutter, Albert Osterhaus et autres

The availability of influenza vaccines that can induce broadly protective immune responses is highly desirable and could also mitigate the impact of future influenza pandemics. Ideally, these vaccines also induce virus-specific CD8 + T cells, which have been identified as an independent …

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