Kohtaro Miyazawa

Evidence for multiple prion conformers in natural scrapie isolates

Morikazu Imamura, Kohtaro Miyazawa, 岡田 裕之, M. Ohno et autres

Prion strains in infected animals may exist as heterogeneous populations composed of a major prion conformer responsible for the dominant disease phenotype and minor conformers that are phenotypically silent or difficult to detect. However, the presence and biological significance of such minor …

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Practical Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion for Detecting Classical Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Classical and Atypical Scrapie Prions

Akio Suzuki, Kazuhei Sawada, Taku Nakashima, Toyotaka Sato et autres

Real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) is highly sensitive for prion detection; however, inhibitory factors present in tissue homogenates readily interfere with the assay. We previously reported that recombinant cervid prion protein (rCerPrP) enabled the establishment of practical RT-QuIC for detecting chronic wasting disease …

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Histopathological Analysis of Surviving Mallards Infected with H5 Subtype Clade 2.3.4.4b High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses

Hayate Nishiura, Saki SAKUMA, Junki Mine, Asuka Kumagai et autres

High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b have caused outbreaks worldwide, affecting both wild and domestic birds, as well as occasionally mammals. Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), the natural hosts of influenza A viruses, are major migratory birds in Japan and strong …

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Long-term immune responses induced by low-dose infection with high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses can protect mallards from reinfection with a heterologous strain

Saki Sakuma, Junki Mine, Yuko Uchida, Asuka Kumagai et autres

Migratory water birds are considered to be carriers of high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs). In Japan, mallards are often observed during winter, and HPAIV-infected mallards often shed viruses asymptomatically. In this study, we focused on mallards as potential carriers of HPAIVs …

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Pathogenic and Antigenic Analyses of H5N1 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Isolated in the 2022/2023 Season From Poultry Farms in Izumi City, Japan

Hayate Nishiura, Asuka Kumagai, Miki H. Maeda, Yoshihiro Takadate et autres

During the winter of 2022/2023, Japan experienced its largest outbreak of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI), affecting 84 poultry premises. In this study, we investigated the pathogenicity and antigenicity of A/chicken/Kagoshima/22A1T/2022 (Kagoshima/22A1T), a clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus belonging to the G2b group. …

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Phylogenetic and Pathogenic Analysis of H5N1 and H5N6 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Poultry Farms (Layer and Broiler Chickens) in Japan in the 2023/2024 Season

Hayate Nishiura, Asuka Kumagai, Junki Mine, Yoshihiro Takadate et autres

= 10 and 1, respectively). In this study, we aimed to genetically and pathologically characterize these viruses. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that H5N1 viruses were classified into the G2d-0 genotype, whereas the H5N6 virus was a novel genotype in Japan, designated as G2c-12. …

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Cocirculation of Genetically Distinct Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N5 and H5N1 Viruses in Crows, Hokkaido, Japan

Yik Lim Hew, Takahiro Hiono, Isabella Monne, Kei Nabeshima et autres

We isolated highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N5 and H5N1 viruses from crows in Hokkaido, Japan, during winter 2023-24. They shared genetic similarity with HPAI H5N5 viruses from northern Europe but differed from those in Asia. Continuous monitoring and rapid information sharing …

Genetic diversity of H5N1 and H5N2 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Japan during the winter of 2022–2023

Yoshihiro Takadate, Junki Mine, Ryota Tsunekuni, Saki Sakuma et autres

High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of the H5N1 and H5N2 subtypes were responsible for 84 HPAI outbreaks on poultry premises in Japan during October 2022-April 2023. The number of outbreaks during the winter of 2022-2023 is the largest ever reported in …

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Sensitive detection of pathological seeds of α-synuclein, tau and prion protein on solid surfaces

Christina Doriana Orru, Bradley R. Groveman, Andrew G. Hughson, Tomás Barrio et autres

Prions or prion-like aggregates such as those composed of PrP, α-synuclein, and tau are key features of proteinopathies such as prion, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, respectively. Their presence on solid surfaces may be biohazardous under some circumstances. PrP prions bound to solids …

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Genetics of H5N1 and H5N8 High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated in Japan in Winter 2021–2022

Junki Mine, Yoshihiro Takadate, Asuka Kumagai, Saki Sakuma et autres

In winter 2021-2022, H5N1 and H5N8 high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses (HPAIVs) caused serious outbreaks in Japan: 25 outbreaks of HPAI at poultry farms and 107 cases in wild birds or in the environment. Phylogenetic analyses divided H5 HPAIVs isolated in Japan …

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Development of an intestinal epithelial cell line and organoids derived from the same swine and characterization of their antiviral responses

Kaho Matsumoto, Fu Namai, Ayako Miyazaki, Yoshiya Imamura et autres

Intestinal homeostasis and integrity are important factors for maintaining host health. This study established intestinal epithelial cell lines and organoids from the same swine jejunal crypts to develop seamless swine intestinal in vitro evaluation systems. The study evaluated the proliferative capacity and …

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Experimental Infection of Chickens with H5N8 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated in Japan in the Winter of 2020–2021

Saki Sakuma, Taichiro Tanikawa, Ryota Tsunekuni, Junki Mine et autres

During the winter of 2020–2021, numerous outbreaks of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) were caused by viruses of the subtype H5N8 in poultry over a wide region in Japan. The virus can be divided into five genotypes—E1, E2, E3, E5, and E7. …

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