John Orbell

Evaluation of prognostic risk models for postoperative pulmonary complications in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and international external validation cohort study

Omar Kouli, Victoria Murray, Sanchita Bhatia, WA Cambridge et autres

BACKGROUND: Stratifying risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after major abdominal surgery allows clinicians to modify risk through targeted interventions and enhanced monitoring. In this study, we aimed to identify and validate prognostic models against a new consensus definition of postoperative pulmonary complications. …

Climate Change, Drought, and Potential Environmental Migration Flows Under Different Policy Scenarios

Oleg Smirnov, Gallya Lahav, John Orbell, Minghua Zhang et autres

Unmitigated climate change will likely produce major problems for human populations worldwide. Although many researchers and policy-makers believe that drought may be an important “push” factor underlying migration in the future, the precise relationship between drought and migration remains unclear. This article …

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Impact of postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery on 1-year survival and renal outcomes: a national multicentre cohort study

Kenneth A McLean, Sivesh K. Kamarajah, Emily Mills, James Glasbey et autres

BACKGROUND: The intermediate-term impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients after major gastrointestinal and liver surgery has not been well characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the 1-year mortality rate and renal outcomes associated with postoperative AKI in a national prospective …

Death following pulmonary complications of surgery before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Kenneth A McLean, Sivesh K. Kamarajah, Dhruva Chaudhry, Rohan R Gujjuri et autres

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the impact of pulmonary complications on death after surgery both before and during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. METHODS: This was a patient-level, comparative analysis of two, international prospective cohort studies: one …

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Perioperative intravenous contrast administration and the incidence of acute kidney injury after major gastrointestinal surgery: prospective, multicentre cohort study

Kenneth A McLean, Waheed‐Ul‐Rahman Ahmed, Melika Akhbari, H A Claireaux et autres

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the impact of preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast for CT and the risk of developing postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. METHODS: This prospective, multicentre cohort study included adults undergoing gastrointestinal …

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Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

EuroSurg Collaborative, Stephen J. Chapman, R Blanco-Colino, S Pérez-Ajates et autres

BACKGROUND: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return …

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Safety and efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce ileus after colorectal surgery

EuroSurg Collaborative, Stephen J. Chapman, D Clerc, Ruth Blanco‐Colino et autres

BACKGROUND: Ileus is common after elective colorectal surgery, and is associated with increased adverse events and prolonged hospital stay. The aim was to assess the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for reducing ileus after surgery. METHODS: A prospective multicentre cohort study …

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A Private Banking House at War: Barings and Russia, 1914–17

John Orbell

The relative importance of climate change and population growth for exposure to future extreme droughts

Oleg Smirnov, Minghua Zhang, Tingyin Xiao, John Orbell et autres

The human consequences of drought are normally addressed in terms of “water scarcity” originating from human water use. In these terms, a common prediction to the next few decades is that population growth, not climate change, will be the dominant factor determining …

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A friend in need : Thomas Lawrence and the Baring family

John Orbell

Distinctive Preferences Toward Risk in the Substantive Domain of Sociality*

Tim Johnson, Mikhail Myagkov, John Orbell

As with standard models of rationality, theorists generally treat prospect theory's demonstration of risk aversion in gains but risk tolerance in losses asdomain‐general. Yet evolutionary psychology suggests that natural selection has designed adomain specificcognitive architecture—with systems specialized for some substantive domains but …

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4 Lord Shelburne, Finance, and Sir Francis Baring

John Orbell