Peter Richard Williamson

Update on the diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment strategies in non-HIV-associated cryptococcal meningoencephalitis

Terri Lynne Scott, Martha Quezado, Peter Richard Williamson

INTRODUCTION: Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM) is the leading cause of non-viral meningitis in the United States, reflecting both the rise in immunocompromised populations and the prevention of bacterial meningitis through vaccination. Formerly linked primarily to HIV-associated immunodeficiency, effective antiretroviral therapy has reshaped CM …

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Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Previously Healthy Patients with Cryptococcal Meningitis

Seher H. Anjum, Jessica C. Hargarten, Brittany Dulek, Francisco A. Otaizo-Carrasquero et autres

BACKGROUND: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), though a recognized complication of cryptococcal meningitis (CM), has been rarely reported. This study investigates the clinical features of CVST in a retrospective cohort of previously healthy, non-HIV CM patients. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of …

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Corticosteroid Therapy and Long-Term Outcomes of Post-Infectious Inflammatory Syndrome in Non-HIV Immunosuppressed Cryptococcal Meningitis: A Multicenter Case Series

Yuya Ito, Tracey-Ann Höeltermann, Seher H. Anjum, Londyn J. Robinson et autres

BACKGROUND: Post-infectious inflammatory response syndrome (PIIRS) is recognized as a cause of neurologic deterioration in previously healthy patients with cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM). However, data on non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), immunosuppressed patients remain limited. METHODS: Between July 2018 and April 2025, 13 non-HIV …

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Target product profile and discovery and development path for novel cryptococcal disease treatments

David B. Meya, Manu De Rycker, Ian Hugh Gilbert, William W. Hope et autres

Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are World Health Organization critical and medium priority pathogens, respectively. These mainly impact people with human immunodeficiency virus residing in low- and middle-income countries, but other patient groups and settings are also affected. The high global morbidity …

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mGem: When immunity turns against itself—GM-CSF autoantibodies drive opportunistic infection risk

Soumya Sengupta, Peter Richard Williamson

Anti-cytokine autoantibodies represent an expanding field in immunology, and their study has revealed crucial insights into immune cell dysfunction. These autoantibodies are now classified by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) as phenocopies of primary immunological deficiencies within the broader category …

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Adrenal Corticosteroids and Increased Intracranial Pressure in Nonimmunocompromised Patients With Cryptococcal Meningitis

John E. Bennett, Seher H. Anjum, Peter Richard Williamson

Elevated opening pressures on lumbar puncture were followed in 7 nonimmunocompromised patients being treated for a postinfectious inflammatory response syndrome that had begun following antifungal treatment of cryptococcal meningitis. During the initial period of high-dose corticosteroid therapy, opening pressures on lumbar puncture …

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Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells Restrain Th1 Response Shielding the Brain from Lethal Inflammatory Damage during Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis

Michal A. Olszewski, Hailong Li, Rylan Hissong, Kristie D. Goughenour et autres

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Peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to Cryptococcus candidate vaccine antigens in human subjects with and without cryptococcosis

Lorena V. N. Oliveira, Jessica C. Hargarten, Ruiying Wang, Yoon‐Dong Park et autres

T cell activation, as measured by cytokine, was intact and biased towards a T-helper 1 (Th1) response. The mouse data support vaccination as a strategy to boost immune responses to prevent clinical Cryptococcus infection.

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Pathway-instructed therapeutic selection of ruxolitinib reduces neuroinflammation in fungal postinfectious inflammatory syndrome

Jessica C. Hargarten, Kenneth Ssebambulidde, Seher H. Anjum, Malcolm J. Vaughan et autres

Therapies to reduce neuroinflammation following resolution of acute central nervous system (CNS) infections are urgently needed, particularly for patients with non-HIV-associated cryptococcal meningoencephalitis complicated by a postinfectious inflammatory response syndrome (cPIIRS). To identify druggable targets in cPIIRS, patient cerebral spinal fluid samples …

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P-905. Post One-year Outcomes for Corticosteroid Use in Non-HIV Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis

Bickey H. Chang, Seher H. Anjum, Dima A. Hammoud, Peter Richard Williamson

Abstract Background Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM) is a major cause of mortality in HIV/AIDS, transplant recipients and previously healthy individuals. In the latter, a post-infectious inflammatory response syndrome (PIIRS) has been noted to have a favorable response to corticosteroids although long-term responses have …

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Development and preclinical validation of 2-deoxy 2-[ 18 F]fluorocellobiose as an Aspergillus -specific PET tracer

Swati Shah, Jianhao Lai, Falguni Basuli, Neysha Martínez‐Orengo et autres

The global incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) has increased over the past few decades, mainly in immunocompromised patients, and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Aspergillus fumigatus is one of the most common and deadliest IFI pathogens. Major hurdles to …

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Antigen Titers in Cryptococcal Meningitis: What Determines How Fast They Fall?

John E. Bennett, Peter Richard Williamson

Follow-up of previously healthy patients surviving cryptococcal meningitis found that cryptococcal antigen could be detected for >1 year in serum from 38 of 44 (86%) patients and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 20 of 31 patients (67%), far beyond the time of …

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