Nicola Di Fazio

Forensic ethology: An operational model to enhance forensic pathologists’ knowledge in animal attacks

Gabriele Napoletano, Alessandro Ghamlouch, Alessandra De Matteis, Biancamaria Treves et autres

Animal attacks are a significant and increasingly frequent forensic problem, yet forensic pathological research remains largely confined to the description of individual bite marks and wounds. This narrative review, conducted according to a structured and reproducible methodology informed by the principles of …

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Deep learning and firearm wound classification: a pilot study

Giuseppe Delogu, Nicola Di Fazio, Gabriele Licciardello, Paola Frati et autres

Introduction: The study on the use of deep learning in pattern recognition of gunshot wounds (GSW) represents a novelty in the field of forensic pathology. Although artificial intelligence (AI) has already revolutionized many medical specialties, applications in forensic medicine are still limited. …

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Artificial Intelligence and Orthopaedic Prosthetic Planning: A State-of-the-Art Review and Evolving Liability Perspectives

Francesca Romana Guarnaccia, Federica Spadazzi, Miriam Ottaviani, Nicola Di Fazio et autres

Background and aim: Artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining increasing relevance in orthopaedic surgery, particularly in prosthetic surgery, due to its ability to support preoperative planning through advanced imaging analysis, implant size prediction, and outcome forecasting. However, recent literature shows considerable variability in …

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Artificial intelligence for early diagnosis in emergency department

Nicola Di Fazio, Christian Zanza, Yaroslava Longhitano, Antonio Voza et autres

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has become an increasingly prominent player in emergency medicine, offering innovative tools to enhance the early diagnosis of acute conditions. This systematic review explores how AI, particularly through machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), is …

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Shaken Adult Syndrome: Defining a New Traumatic Entity with an Evidence-Based Approach

Fabio Del Duca, Gianpietro Volonnino, Biancamaria Treves, Alessandra De Matteis et autres

Major traumas result from the application of multiple force components that, in adulthood, can lead to high mortality and morbidity. In forensic practice, pathological consequences arising from the rapid flexion-extension of an adult victim's soma are observed, with typical intracranial and ophthalmological …

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Energy Drinks as the Legal Cocaine? A Comparative Review of Cardiac Physiopathological and Histopathological Patterns

Alessandro Ghamlouch, Nicola Di Fazio, Maura Racciatti, Fabio Del Duca et autres

Energy drinks (EDs), widely consumed for their stimulant effects, typically contain caffeine alongside taurine, guarana, and other bioactive compounds. While generally regarded as safe, growing evidence links chronic EDs consumption to significant cardiovascular risks. Caffeine, the primary active ingredient, acts through adenosine …

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Triptorelin: The Need for Legal Protection Aimed at the Full Political and Social Integration of Gender Variant youth. A Comparison of Different Global realities.

Giorgia V. LACASELLA, Gianpietro Volonnino, Mauro Salducci, M Ottavian et autres

Background: Triptorelin, a GnRH analogue, is used as a puberty blocker for transgender and gender-diverse adolescents experiencing gender dysphoria (GD). This treatment allows these individuals to delay puberty, offering time to explore their gender identity. Despite its recognized benefits in alleviating psychological …

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Forensic approach in cases of anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse and cardiovascular mortality: insights from autopsy, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and toxicology

Nicola Di Fazio, Gianpietro Volonnino, Michele Treglia, Giuseppe Delogu et autres

The abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) is associated with numerous adverse cardiovascular effects, including ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and sudden cardiac death (SCD), which is a term that identifies a sudden death occurred due to cardiac conditions, congenital or acquired, particularly among …

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Immunohistochemical Assessment of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review

Gianpiero D’Antonio, Nicola Di Fazio, Lavinia Pellegrini, Alessandro Ghamlouch et autres

In forensic medicine, spotting signs of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) right after it happens is still a tough call, especially in sudden-death cases. Standard histology often misses changes in those critical first hours because the tissue damage is too subtle to …

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Assisted suicide in Italy

Gianluca Montanari Vergallo, Nicola Di Fazio, Paola Frati

Italian law no. 219/2017 regulated the refusal of medical treatment without modifying the different crimes of aiding suicide and consensual homicide. In 2018 and 2019, the Constitutional Court affirmed that assisted suicide is not punishable when all the following conditions are met: …

Anabolic–Androgenic Steroids and Brain Damage: A Review of Evidence and Medico-Legal Implications

Mario Giuseppe Chisari, Massimiliano Esposito, Salvatore Alloca, Sabrina Franco et autres

Background: Anabolic–androgenic steroids (AASs) are commonly used for performance enhancement but have been linked to significant neurobiological consequences. This review explores the impact of AASs on neurochemical pathways, cognitive function, and psychiatric disorders, highlighting their potential neurotoxicity. Methods: A narrative review of …

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Enhancing patient safety and delineating professional liability in radiological procedures involving contrast medium administration.

Valentina Martines, Silvia Magnaldi, Nicola Di Fazio, Gianpietro Volonnino et autres

Abstract: Radiological procedures requiring the administration of contrast medium are considered invasive procedures and require obtaining written consent from the patient. The risks of the procedure must be weighed against the risks of a potential missed diagnosis. Understanding the clinical question of …

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