Timothy M. Merlis

The Equilibrium Response of Atmospheric Machine‐Learning Models to Uniform Sea Surface Temperature Warming

Bosong Zhang, Timothy M. Merlis

Abstract Machine learning (ML) models for the global atmosphere that are capable of producing stable, multi‐year simulations of Earth's climate have recently been developed. However, the ability of these ML models to generalize beyond the training distribution remains an open question. In …

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Supporting Data for "Zonal-mean sea surface temperature change dominates the historical pattern effect"

Timothy M. Merlis

Code and supporting netcdf files to reproduce the figures of Timothy M. Merlis, Bosong Zhang, and Nicole Feldl (2026): "Zonal-mean sea surface temperature change dominates the historical pattern effect".

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Supporting Data for "Zonal-mean sea surface temperature change dominates the historical pattern effect"

Timothy M. Merlis

Code and supporting netcdf files to reproduce the figures of Timothy M. Merlis, Bosong Zhang, and Nicole Feldl (2026): "Zonal-mean sea surface temperature change dominates the historical pattern effect".

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Assessing Earth's Energy Imbalance Trend in the Early 21st Century in Two High‐Resolution Coupled Models

Yu Chen, Timothy M. Merlis, Tra Dinh, Stephen M. Griffies et autres

Abstract Satellite observations since 2001 show an increasing Earth's energy imbalance (EEI) at the top of the atmosphere of 0.45 W m −2 dec −1 , a trend understated in coupled climate models. We assess the 2001–2024 EEI trend in historical simulations …

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Hacking Kilometer-Scale Models: A Participative Model for Climate Information

Andrew Gettelman, Pier Luigi Vidale, Bjorn Stevens, Florian Ziemen et autres

Abstract In May 2025, nearly 700 participants from all around the world coalesced at 10 regional nodes and a few satellite nodes to take part in a global hackathon of kilometer-scale (horizontal grid spacing < 10 km) regional and global Earth system …

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Instantaneous heating rate forcing differentiates tropical high-cloud adjustments across greenhouse gases

Y Chen, Timothy M. Merlis, Yi Huang

Tropical high clouds are central to large-scale circulation and the hydrological cycle. The consensus expectation is that they rise and contract under surface warming, but their fast adjustment to greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations is diverse. All GHGs reduce atmospheric longwave loss, yet …

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Remote Influences of Land Surface Temperature and their Implications for Sea Surface Temperature Patterns

Bosong Zhang, Timothy M. Merlis

The spatial pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) plays a central role in shaping the climate system, yet the influence of land surface temperature (LST) remains poorly understood. Using a state-of-the-art coupled ocean--land--atmosphere model, we examine the model's response to regional LST …

Remote Influences of Land Surface Temperature and their Implications for Sea Surface Temperature Patterns

Bosong Zhang, Timothy M. Merlis

The spatial pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) plays a central role in shaping the climate system, yet the influence of land surface temperature (LST) remains poorly understood. Using a state-of-the-art coupled ocean--land--atmosphere model, we examine the model's response to regional LST …

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Resolution Dependence of Tropical Poleward Energy Transport in Aquaplanet GCMs

Chiung-Yin Chang, Pu Lin, Isaac Held, Timothy M. Merlis et autres

The tropical atmosphere plays an important role in transporting energy poleward and driving the global circulation. However, understanding and simulating this fundamental aspect of our climate remains difficult due to its sensitivity to convective parameterizations and horizontal resolution. This study focuses on …

tw, us, es (code pays fourni par la source)

No “Wet Gets Wetter” in Kilometer‐Scale Mock‐Walker Circulations

Adam B. Sokol, Timothy M. Merlis, S. Fueglistaler

Abstract Many climate model simulations and limited observations indicate that regions of tropical ascent and precipitation contract in response to surface warming. This response has well‐studied implications for the width of the zonal‐ and annual‐mean Intertropical Convergence Zone, but its applicability to …

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State‐Dependence of Polar Amplification in an Idealized GCM

A. O. Williams, Timothy M. Merlis

Abstract Polar amplification (PA) is a robust feature of contemporary climate change, but its state‐dependence across different climate conditions is poorly understood despite potential relevance to paleoclimate records and future projections. Here we examine the state‐dependence of PA across a wide range …

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Assessing Earth's energy imbalance trend in the early 21st century in two high-resolution coupled models

Yan-Ting Chen, Timothy M. Merlis, Tra Dinh, Stephen M Griffies et autres

Satellite observations since 2001 show an increasing Earth’s energy imbalance (EEI) at the top of the atmosphere of \SI{0.45}{W.m^{-2}.dec^{-1}}, a trend understated in coupled climate models. We assess the 2001–2024 EEI trend in historical simulations of two high-resolution coupled models, CM4X, a …

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