Rafiullah Khan

Distinguishing Human-Generated and AI-Generated Academic Writing: A Machine Learning Benchmark Study

Ali Raza, Mohib Ullah, Rafiullah Khan, Adeem Ali Anwar et autres

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT has raised critical questions about authorship, originality, and integrity in academic writing. Unlike conventional plagiarism testing tools, AI-generated or AI-rephrased text can preserve the original meaning and context of the text …

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AI‐Driven SMS Intelligence Framework for Detecting Fraud, Disinformation, and Threat Patterns in Pakistan’s Communication Networks

Maryam Zaman, Mohib Ullah, Rafiullah Khan, Irfan Ullah Khan et autres

Fraudulent SMS messages are a significant threat in Pakistan, impacting financial security, identity theft, and misinformation and enabling exploitation by adversaries. This study proposes a localized AI‐based framework for SMS fraud detection, utilizing machine learning (logistic regression [LR], random forest [RF], support …

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Person Recognition via Gait: A Review of Covariate Impact and Challenges

Abdul Basit Mughal, Rafiullah Khan, Amine Bermak, Atiq Ur Rehman

Human gait identification is a biometric technique that permits recognizing an individual from a long distance focusing on numerous features such as movement, time, and clothing. This approach in particular is highly useful in video surveillance scenarios, where biometric systems allow people …

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Real-Time Detection of Underwater Debris Using YOLOv11: An Optimized Approach

Abdul Basit Mughal, Syed Mohsin Shah, Rafiullah Khan

The debris produced by humans is generally dumped into the ocean or rivers, seriously threatening the marine environment and species. Detecting debris under oceans and rivers is essential to mitigating its dangerous effects on ecosystems and preserving environmental balance. The study’s primary …

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Detecting malicious code variants using convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning

Nazish Younas, Shazia Riaz, Saqib Ali, Rafiullah Khan et autres

Malware presents a significant threat to computer networks and devices that lack robust defense mechanisms, despite the widespread use of anti-malware solutions. The rapid growth of the Internet has led to an increase in malicious code attacks, making them one of the …

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Tracking (In)Justice: Documenting Fatal Encounters with Police in Canada

Andrew Crosby, Alexander McClelland, Tanya L. Sharpe, Evelyn M. Maeder et autres

Abstract There is a lack of knowledge on deaths related to police use of force across Canada. Tracking (In)Justice is a research project that is trying to make sense of the life and death outcomes of policing through developing a collaborative, interdisciplinary, …

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$\textit{Agents Under Siege}$: Breaking Pragmatic Multi-Agent LLM Systems with Optimized Prompt Attacks

Rafiullah Khan, Zhen Tan, Charles B. Fleming, Tianlong Chen

Most discussions about Large Language Model (LLM) safety have focused on single-agent settings but multi-agent LLM systems now create novel adversarial risks because their behavior depends on communication between agents and decentralized reasoning. In this work, we innovatively focus on attacking pragmatic …

Stacked LSTM Model for Contextual Correlation Detection Among Multiple Emotions

Aqsa Younas, Shazia Riaz, Saqib Ali, Rafiullah Khan et autres

Emotions are closely tied to human behavior and play a critical role in daily life. With the widespread use of social media, individuals frequently express their feelings online, making emotion extraction from social networks an active area of research. This has applications …

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Optimising thermal conductivity of insulated concrete hollow blocks in hot climates: experimental–numerical investigation

S.N.R. Shah, Rafiullah Khan

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Ameliorative effect of Aloe vera supplementation on the growth indices, intestinal health and oocysts shedding under an experimentally challenged with coccidia in Japanese quails

Abdul Rauf Hafeez, Rafiullah Khan, Shabana Naz, Sajida Batool et autres

Coccidia poses significant challenges to poultry farming, impacting productivity and welfare. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Aloe vera supplementation in managing coccidial infection in quails. A total of 360 one-day-old quails chicks were divided into five groups (six replicates …

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CT-Based Predictors of Spontaneous Ureteral Stone Passage

Rafiullah Khan, Syed Muhammad Nazim, Shayan Anwar

OBJECTIVE: To assess CT-scan based parameters, particularly ureteral wall thickness (UWT), in predicting spontaneous ureteral stone passage. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional, analytical study. PLACE AND DURATION OF THE STUDY: Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from …

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Finite elements analysis of drop weight impact loading on GLARE-6A

Nabeel Mohsin, Rafiullah Khan, Syed Athar Masood

Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) is a damage-tolerant material being opted in modern aerospace industries. FML impact absorbing properties were studied for determining FML response against impact loading. The author contributed by experimentation of drop weight impacts on FML GLARE 6A samples. In …

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