William P. Melega

Focused Ultrasound for Non-invasive Neuromodulation

Nima Manavi, Qifa Zhou, Babak Kateb, Martin O. Culjat et autres

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Chemical and Biological Characterization of Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) and Volatile Organic Compounds Collected at Different Sites in the Los Angeles Basin

Arthur K. Cho, Yasuhiro Shinkai, Debra A. Schmitz, Emma Di Stefano et autres

Background: Most studies on air pollution (AP) exposure have focused on adverse health effects of particulate matter (PM). Less well-studied are the actions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) not retained in PM collections. These studies quantified chemical and biological properties of both …

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Characterization of transcranial ultrasonic passage in the Göttingen minipig

Amit P. Mulgaonkar, Meghedi Babakhanian, Martin O. Culjat, Bryan Nowroozi et autres

There is continuing interest in targeted transcranial stimulation of deep brain structures using techniques such as low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU). Accurate transcranial targeting and dosage of acoustic energy onto target neural structure requires quantification of the acoustic effect the skull has …

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Design of a minimally invasive low-frequency microtransducer for ultrasonic neuromodulation

Amit P. Mulgaonkar, Rahul S. Singh, George N. Saddik, Ashkan Maccabi et autres

Studies with low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) and other related techniques have recently demonstrated the potential for ultrasound to reversibly modulate neural circuits in a number of different in vivo models. However, accurate acoustic targeting can be complicated by the attenuation and …

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Can Simulators Replace Traditional Multiple-Choice Exams in Assessment of Novice Trainees’ Understanding of Hemodynamics Concepts?

Laith Mukdad, Daniel Laufer, Paul N. Frank, Sohail Sareh et autres

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Board 367 - Research Abstract Screen-Based Simulator is Able to Detect Medical Student’s Knowledge of Hemodynamics and Pharmacology (Submission #571)

Daniel Laufer, Paul N. Frank, Laith Mukdad, Yue Ming Huang et autres

Introduction/Background Multiple-choice exams continue to be the primary method for assessing knowledge in medical school education. Although such tests have proven reliable, they bear a number of potential deficiencies. For example, multiple-choice exams are difficult to write and realistically only test cognition …

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Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine-mediated neuroprotection is associated with regulatory T-cell induction in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson's disease

Goran Laćan, Hoa N. Dang, Blake Middleton, Marcus A. Horwitz et autres

We previously showed that, in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD), vaccination with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) prior to MPTP exposure limited the loss of striatal dopamine (DA) and dopamine transporter (DAT) and prevented the activation of nigral microglia. Here, …

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Focused Ultrasound for Noninvasive Neuromodulation

Martin O. Culjat, Richard E. Fan, Meghedi Babakhanian, Amit P. Mulgaonkar et autres

Alterations in the striatal dopamine system during intravenous methamphetamine exposure: Effects of contingent and noncontingent administration

Goran Laćan, Martin Hadamitzky, Ronald T. Kuczenski, William P. Melega

The continuing spread of methamphetamine (METH) abuse has stimulated research aimed at understanding consequences of its prolonged exposure. Alterations in nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system parameters have been characterized in experimental studies after discontinuation of long-term METH but fewer studies have included similar …

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In vitro cell system for studying molecular mechanisms of action associated with low intensity focused ultrasound

Meghedi Babakhanian, Richard E. Fan, Amit P. Mulgaonkar, Rahul S. Singh et autres

Low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) is now being considered as a noninvasive brain therapy for clinical applications. We maintain that LIFU can efficiently deliver energy from outside the skull to target specific brain regions, effecting localized neuromodulation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms …

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Hypothalamic Deep Brain Stimulation Reduces Weight Gain in an Obesity-Animal Model

William P. Melega, Goran Laćan, Alessandra Augusta Gorgulho, Eric Behnke et autres

Prior studies of appetite regulatory networks, primarily in rodents, have established that targeted electrical stimulation of ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) can alter food intake patterns and metabolic homeostasis. Consideration of this method for weight modulation in humans with severe overeating disorders and morbid …

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A prototype stimulator system for noninvasive Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound delivery.

Amit P. Mulgaonkar, Rahul S. Singh, Meghedi Babakhanian, Martin O. Culjat et autres

A prototype Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound (LIFU) stimulator system was developed to evaluate non-invasive neuromodulation in a large animal model. We conducted a feasibility study on a Göttingen minipig, demonstrating reversible, targeted transcranial neuromodulation. The hypothalamus of the minipig was repeatedly stimulated …

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