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Jacopo Lamanna, Jacopo Meldolesi
There was an error in the original publication [...].
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Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), two types of different size: microvesicles and exosomes, generated by all types of cells. EV interactions with lysosomes and/or autophagosomes, induce establishment of combined forms. EVs are composed by a surface membrane of lipid bilayer rich of specific proteins …
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Synapses, abundant in the brain, are structures needed for life. Our introduction, based on forms of such structures published few decades ago, helped introducing recent concepts of health and diseases. Developing axons govern their growth by cell-to cell communication, axon guidance, synapse …
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In all cell types, small EVs, very abundant extracellular vesicles, are generated and accumulated within MVB endocytic cisternae. Upon MVB fusion and exocytosis with the plasma membrane, the EVs are released to the extracellular space. In the central nervous system, the release …
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Jacopo Lamanna, Jacopo Meldolesi
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), affecting over 2% of the pre-school children population, includes an important fraction of the conditions accounting for the heterogeneity of autism. The disease was discovered 75 years ago, and the present review, based on critical evaluations of the …
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For many decades after their discovery, astrocytes, the abundant glial cells of the brain, were believed to work as a glue, supporting the structure and metabolic functions of neurons. A revolution that started over 30 years ago revealed many additional functions of …
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Unconventional protein secretion (UPS) is the new secretion process discovered in liquid form over three decades ago. More recently, UPS has been shown to operate also in solid forms generated from four types of organelles: fractions of lysosomes and autophagy (APh) undergoing …
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Gabriella Racchetti, Jacopo Meldolesi
In all cells, generation and release of specific vesicles are the initial steps of back-and-forth intercellular communication. These processes are critical in normal physiology and pathophysiology. Vesicles have particular functions appropriate to their targets. When stimulated, they are released into the extracellular …
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During the last century, synapses have been intensely investigated as the most interesting sites of neuroscience development [...].
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Gabriella Racchetti, Jacopo Meldolesi
Until the end of last century, the origin and development of cancers were mostly attributed to the proliferation of their active cells, operative in collaboration with non-cancer cells of the patients. In particular, an important role was attributed to cells now recognized …
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Brain synapses are neuronal structures of the greatest interest. For a long time, however, the knowledge about them was variable, and interest was mostly focused on their pre-synaptic portions, especially neurotransmitter release from axon terminals. In the present review interest is focused …
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In addition to conventional protein secretion, dependent on the specific cleavage of signal sequences, proteins are secreted by other processes, all together called unconventional. Among the mechanisms operative in unconventional secretion, some are based on two families of extracellular vesicle (EVs), expressed …
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